Causes and properties of implantation bleeding

Implantation bleeding occurs when a fertilized egg implants into the wall of the uterus. In this case, a negligibly small amount of blood is released normally, if it is released at all. That is why most women, even among those who have become pregnant several times, have never noticed this phenomenon.

And yet, on what day can implantation bleeding be observed? For many women, this symptom is one of the first diagnostic signs of pregnancy. It occurs even a little earlier than an increase in hCG levels is recorded in tests, namely, a few days after unprotected sexual intercourse, approximately on the 7th day (this is individual).

Implantation bleeding always has subtle symptoms. And this is the norm. Because if a lot of blood is released, it’s not a matter of pregnancy at all... and not even of its termination. Acyclic uterine bleeding caused by benign or malignant neoplasms, hormonal imbalance, and endometrial dysplasia can be deadly for a woman. A less dangerous, but quite probable reason for the appearance of blood from the genital tract is a damaged cervix, true erosion. Tissue damage can occur as a result of inaccurate gynecological examination, rough sexual intercourse, masturbation, etc.

The color of implantation bleeding, or rather that scanty discharge, is usually light brown or pinkish, it can be bright red, but always without clots. But there may be different variations. Many gynecologists have no idea what implantation bleeding looks like and can only guess. If there are any doubts about the nature of this discharge, for example, if sexual intercourse was protected, you are taking birth control pills, and even more so if the discharge does not stop and is profuse, contact your gynecologist immediately. Implantation bleeding is unknown to science, how many days it lasts, but usually a matter of minutes if a woman does not have problems with blood clotting.

A very important question for many women is how to distinguish between implantation bleeding or menstruation? As a rule, according to deadlines. Pregnancy can manifest itself in this way up to 10 days after sperm enters the vagina. Whereas menstruation, with a normal regular cycle, begins after 14. But if in doubt, you can always donate blood for hCG - this test is reliable already in the very early stages of pregnancy. But the test is not so effective before the onset of a delay in menstruation; its results should not be trusted too much.

Features of implantation bleeding

Implantation is the process of introducing an embryo into the wall of the uterus. When this happens, the surface layer of the fertilized egg begins to produce enzymes that melt nearby tissue. This allows the embryo to attach securely. Bloody discharge appears due to the fact that small vessels are damaged by the enzymes secreted by the egg.

After conception, the embryo implants into the mother’s circulatory system, damaging the surface layer of the uterus. So it starts to bleed.

Sometimes a woman simply does not notice implantation bleeding, since the discharge is very insignificant. In other cases, blood is clearly visible. Fertilization is considered most successful if it occurs 2 days before or 2 days after ovulation.

Bleeding during embryo implantation does not last too long. It takes 40 hours for the fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus. Therefore, bleeding that lasts longer than 2 days should alert a woman. It is imperative to consult a doctor and find out the reasons for its occurrence.

Implantation bleeding is not accompanied by pain. While any pathologies at the beginning of pregnancy always cause some discomfort.

Self-determination of implantation

Measuring basal temperature will help determine possible implantation if such a procedure is carried out regularly, for 6 or more cycles. In the first phase of the cycle, the temperature in the rectum is low, about 36-36.5°C. At the moment of ovulation it sharply increases to 37°C. If the cell released from the ovary has been fertilized and the embryo has implanted into the wall of the uterus, upon implantation of the embryo, the basal temperature will briefly (literally within 1 day) decrease by 1-1.5°. This usually occurs 6-12 days after ovulation. This phenomenon is called implantation retraction and with great accuracy confirms the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall.

In the following days, the temperature in the rectum will increase again and will remain within 37°C for the next 3 months. This is due to the high level of progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum of pregnancy.

If, after a sudden decrease in the second phase of the cycle, the temperature does not rise again, this will indicate a lack of consolidation of the embryo or termination of pregnancy.

- a fairly accurate way to recognize ovulation and embryo implantation. It is used not only in the routine practice of gynecologists, but also after in vitro fertilization. In the latter case, the information content of this method is lower, because the woman’s body is under the influence of hormones.

How many days does it last

The average duration of implantation bleeding is 2 hours, and the maximum is 2 days . If this period lengthens, then such bleeding can no longer be considered an indicator of normality. Prolonged bleeding may indicate the onset of a miscarriage or a hormonal imbalance.

Embryo implantation lasts from 2 hours to 2 days.

Often a woman does not notice the fact that an embryo has been implanted in her body. This happens when the discharge is scanty. Blood is simply smeared, or is present in the leucorrhoea in insignificant quantities.

Causes

After the egg meets the sperm in the lumen of the fallopian tube, fertilization occurs. Then the embryo (blastocyst) descends into the uterine cavity, where it should attach to the wall of this organ. The duration of this process is about 5 days, and the introduction of the blastocyst into the mucous membrane (endometrium) takes up to 2 days.

When the embryo connects to the endometrium, the capillaries are damaged, and this is sometimes accompanied by bloody discharge. Experts call the latter bleeding during implantation.

Symptoms of embryo implantation

Although it is not always possible to notice the process of embryo implantation by external signs due to scanty secretions, there are still certain symptoms that this process has started. These include:

1. Heaviness in the lower abdomen. The discomfort is most often insignificant, it cannot even be called pain. Although in some cases a woman experiences intense pain. They should not be treated with painkillers; you should seek medical help.
2. Decrease in basal temperature. The fall is insignificant and often women do not have time to register it.
3. The leucorrhoea becomes thicker, streaks of blood are visible in them.
4. The discharge may take on an unusual color for the middle of the cycle: pink, scarlet, brown.
5. Increased weakness.

A woman does not always experience bleeding during implantation. Sometimes it is missing. Sometimes women confuse implantation bleeding with menstruation, especially if it happens late.

Inclusions in the form of bloody streaks in the vaginal mucus may indicate embryo implantation.

Symptoms and sensations when an egg is implanted in the uterus

When an egg is implanted into the uterus, a woman’s sensations can be quite varied.

Changes in basal temperature

- one of the reliable signs of pregnancy.
If a woman measures this indicator regularly and scrupulously, she may notice that at first the basal temperature may decrease, and then will tend to rise sharply. These changes in the body are caused by an increase in the amount of progesterone in the body due to hormonal changes, which are explained by the onset of pregnancy. Signs of nausea and vomiting
are some of the most well-known signs of pregnancy.
However, do not confuse nausea as a sign of implantation with nausea and vomiting of early toxicosis. The mechanism of development of this condition is radically different. During implantation, the feeling of malaise and nausea is caused by an increase in the level of progesterone, to which the woman’s body is not accustomed. And nausea and vomiting of early toxicosis are disadaptive processes in a woman’s body that characterize the pathology of pregnancy in the first trimester. During the process of invasion of blastocysts into the endometrium, along with bloody discharge, minor nagging, stabbing pain in the lower abdomen
.
However, with an increase in the intensity and nature of the symptoms, it is necessary to seek medical help to exclude pathological conditions of both the female reproductive system and inflammatory processes in the abdominal organs. Increased progesterone levels can also affect breast health
. Women begin to feel engorgement, slight swelling, a feeling of heaviness in the mammary glands or pain. More reliable signs of pregnancy are based on a gynecological examination and laboratory tests.

Discharge during implantation of an egg into the uterus

One of the best known and most indicative signs of implantation, that is, a phenomenon that would indicate the expected penetration of the embryo into the endometrium, is implantation bleeding. It is difficult to call it bleeding in the form of its minimal volume, however, these discharges are usually characterized as such because they are not routine and commonplace for a given period of the ovarian-menstrual cycle.

In any case, trophoblast elements, penetrating into endometrial cells, injure it, and also penetrate into vascular elements, causing disruption of the integrity of their walls, which can be characterized by bleeding. Basically, the discharge is light and urinary in nature.

Small bloody discharge can be caused not only by implantation, but also, for example, by erosion of the cervix.

Ultrasound signs of egg implantation

When conducting an ultrasound examination on the expected date of implantation, as well as a few days after it, no changes will be visible on the device’s screen that would indicate the success or failure of the embryo implantation process. Only the endometrium, characteristic of the progesterone phase of the ovarian-menstrual cycle, will be visible on the screen.

Successful implantation can be visualized at 3 weeks from conception. Then an ultrasound specialist can visualize the fertilized egg and confirm intrauterine pregnancy. However, at this stage there is still a risk of anembryonia, frozen pregnancy.

The presence of an existing embryo in the uterus with signs of its normal functioning and vital activity can be determined at 5-6 weeks of embryonic development. At this time, you can hear the fetal heartbeat and ensure the well-being of its development.

More accurate information can be provided not by transabdominal ultrasound, carried out through the anterior abdominal wall, but by transvaginal ultrasound, which is carried out with an ultrasound sensor through the vagina. A pregnant woman needs specific indications for performing an ultrasound examination. It is not advisable to carry out this study routinely, since ultrasound can provoke a threat of miscarriage. Biochemical confirmation of the presence of pregnancy in a woman’s body is to determine the level of human chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone is produced by the chorion of the embryo, and its dynamic increase is also observed with each day of the gestational period. In the first trimester, on average, the increase in hCG levels should be at least doubled with an interval of 48 hours.

Differences between implantation and menstrual bleeding

Menstruation indicates the completion of the next cycle. Menstruation begins after 28-30 days, which depends on the individual characteristics of the woman’s body. Menstruation lasts from 3 days to a week. The amount of discharge is an individual norm. On average, a woman loses from 50 to 150 ml of blood in one cycle.

Bleeding during menstruation and during embryo implantation are different. A woman should know these differences and be able to distinguish between them.

Symptoms that may accompany menstrual bleeding:

• pain in the abdomen, in its lower part;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• headache;
• general deterioration of health.

If conception occurs, menstruation stops. The embryo is implanted 6 days after ovulation. When a woman has a regular menstrual cycle, she will notice their absence more quickly.

Sometimes a woman's menstrual cycle is irregular. In this case, she may confuse implantation bleeding and menstruation. To prevent this from happening, you need to pay attention to how long the bleeding lasts and how heavy it is.

Differences between menstrual and implantation bleeding:

1. The total duration of the cycle is 28 days. Ovulation begins on the 14th day of the cycle.
2. If pregnancy occurs, there will be no menstruation.
3. Implantation bleeding develops 20-21 days from the start of the menstrual cycle . Such discharge is scanty, so a woman may not pay attention to it.
4. Sometimes bleeding develops after pregnancy. This situation requires immediate medical attention.

A very interesting video about implantation bleeding in the very early stages of pregnancy:

Often in the early stages of pregnancy, a woman develops leucorrhoea. Their number may increase compared to the usual period, as areas of the uterine epithelium are rejected. If implantation bleeding lasts longer than 2 days, medical advice is required. This is the only way a woman will be able to maintain her pregnancy and give birth to a healthy child.

The vast majority of women have never encountered the concept of implantation bleeding (abbreviated as IR) in their lives, considering a delay in menstruation to be the first and proven sign of pregnancy.

However, it is embryonic (or IR) bleeding that is the main and earliest indicator of (possible!) conception. Only 20-30% of women of childbearing age experience this phenomenon.

We offer a full description of the process: everything about it, what it is, how to determine it, and what happens in the female body at the time of ovulation in this article.

This phenomenon is observed only after conception has taken place, but before pregnancy. After being introduced into the uterine cavity, a fertilized cell will have to try to take root in it so that the mother’s body accepts the embryo to continue normal development.

The egg persistently begins to look for its place - this is a depression where it can gain a foothold. During exploration of the mucous membrane, it injures the delicate surface, causing bleeding. This process is called implantation.

Bleeding pattern

In addition to the appearance of advising discharge, there are other signs of implantation bleeding. The discharge itself is very insignificant and appears as a smeared spot on the underwear; in other cases, traces of blood can only be detected by a doctor during examination. Many women report symptoms of implantation bleeding that cause discomfort. As a rule, these are aching pains in the lower abdomen, caused by characteristic contractions of the walls of the uterus.

These are completely normal feelings.

On what day after conception can spotting appear? From the moment of ovulation until the fertilized egg is implanted, it usually takes about 7 days. Depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the menstrual cycle, implantation bleeding may appear 5-15 days after the start of ovulation. The discharge may be red, red-brown, pink or cream. The appearance of blood during implantation bleeding is a normal condition, which doctors do not consider a pathology.

Is it possible to not have any signs of bleeding or discomfort during pregnancy? Doctors tend to believe that the process of fetal development inside a woman largely depends on the individual characteristics of the body, as well as hereditary factors. There are women for whom the onset of pregnancy goes unnoticed, without causing any discomfort. In this case, pregnancy can be suspected only after a missed period.

Difference from menstruation

There are practically no differences

Due to the similarity in external signs, it is quite difficult to determine how implantation bleeding differs from menstruation. To understand what it is you need to know what happens in the body before and after conception.

For a complete understanding, let us explain what distinguishes ovulation from implantation. This is important when planning a pregnancy. In the middle of the menstrual cycle, an egg is released from the ovary, the maturation of which lasts two weeks (plus or minus 2 days).

After meeting the sperm, the process of fertilization occurs, which forms the embryo. If this happens, some women experience cell implantation.

Without ovulation, conception is impossible. Physiologically, it is easy to not even notice or confuse bleeding with menstruation.

The vast majority perceive the appearance of drops of scarlet blood on the pad or pinkish, sometimes beige streaked secretions as premature menstruation.

Dark brown daub is rare. With a high degree of probability, the dark secretion indicates side symptoms, see photos of the discharge. Recognizing bleeding and distinguishing it from ovulation is quite difficult, especially since the process may coincide with your cycle. But there are additional signs.

Very easy to confuse with menstruation

Bleeding during embryo implantation does not have an unpleasant odor. The amount is usually scanty, it is not strong or very abundant as with menstruation. The intensity is short-term - from a few strokes to 48 hours. Thrush may occur due to increased secretion from the vagina.

Differences and Definition

The main difference is the timing of the onset and duration of the discharge.
If bleeding began a week before your period and lasted no more than two days, this is one of the sure signs of pregnancy. The duration of menstruation is much longer - from four to seven days. The second difference is the amount of blood released. With implantation bleeding, it is so slight that a woman may notice just one or two drops of blood in the form of a small speck.

The third difference is the color of the bloody discharge. If the blood is light and not brown, this is one of the signs of pregnancy.

The fourth difference is pain in the uterine area. With implantation bleeding there is practically no bleeding.

Implantation bleeding has several significant differences from regular periods (menstruation). You need to pay attention to the following points:

• timing of discharge relative to the normal menstrual schedule;
• number of discharges;
• color of blood during discharge;
• presence or absence of pain in the lower abdomen;
• duration of discharge.

Implantation bleeding, that is, associated with the implantation (introduction) of an embryo, is a sign of a normal pregnancy developing in the uterus. It has two main symptoms.

1. The first is the period of discharge that began. It's quite easy to calculate. With a normal monthly cycle of 28 days (lunar cycle) or 30 days, ovulation occurs on the fourteenth or fifteenth day. This is the middle of the cycle. At this moment the probability of conception is highest. The journey of an egg fertilized by a sperm to the uterus takes from six to ten days. A woman should compare the day of her last sexual intercourse and the arrival of early regulations. If they began seven to five days before your period, then such discharge can be considered one of the signs of a developing pregnancy. They usually last only a few hours, up to a maximum of two days.
2. The second symptom is scanty, droplet discharge of pinkish, slightly brownish, cream color. Less commonly, intense red discharge is observed, the color resembling regula. Their number is so small that one should not attach much importance to color. The only thing that matters is the amount of blood released.

The symptoms of normal attachment of the embryo to the uterus and associated implantation bleeding are not limited to this. What else you need to pay attention to:

• slight nagging pain in the lower abdomen, slightly reminiscent of menstrual pain;
• short-term decrease in basal temperature, lasting no more than a day;
• weakness, dizziness, the appearance of a sharp negative reaction to odors;
• a tingling sensation in the area of ​​the uterus or chest associated with inflammation at the site of attachment of the embryo to the uterus.
• The appearance of spotting three to two days before the scheduled date of the onset of menstruation is not a sign of implantation bleeding.

Period symptoms

Normal menstruation should be distinguished from implantation bleeding. Despite the similarity of individual symptoms, there are fundamental differences. You need to know exactly all the symptoms of menstruation in order to be able to distinguish them from the first sign of pregnancy.

Regulus symptoms:

• breast swelling, nipple soreness;
• aching, nagging pain in the lower abdomen, which usually disappears on the second day after the onset of menstruation;
• the initial and final phases of menstruation are accompanied by scanty, spotting discharge, while from the second to the fourth or fifth day there is profuse bleeding;
• bloating;
• weight gain as a result of fluid retention in the body;
• mood swings, irritability, depression, tearfulness or aggression;
• the appearance of pimples on the face regardless of the woman’s age;
• headache or migraine-like conditions, often localized in the back of the head, frontotemporal or orbital region;
• frequent urge to urinate.

It is important that the manifestation and severity of the described manifestations are individual in nature, associated with the characteristics of physiology. Menstruation can be almost painless in some women and painful in others, and can be more or less pronounced depending on age, the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive, health status, season, etc.

What happens when discharge appears? The mechanism of implantation bleeding looks like this:

• an egg fertilized naturally or artificially completes its journey through the fallopian tubes in the uterus;
• the future embryo is attached (implanted) to the uterine endometrium;
• at the moment of attachment of the fertilized egg, the integrity of the endometrium is disrupted, damaging the blood vessels.

The cause of implantation bleeding is damage to the blood vessels of the edematous endometrium, prepared for the implantation of an egg. It is not the egg itself that damages the endometrial vessels, but a special tissue, troboblast, that forms around it. As a result, a small amount of blood passes through the cervix into the vaginal area.

There are several ways to determine implantation bleeding. All of them have a sufficient level of persuasiveness and are often used by women in home practice.

Standard menstrual bleeding usually begins with modest discharge, which becomes more abundant every day, and then its frequency and intensity declines again. In some cases, implantation bleeding manifests itself just a few days before the onset of menstruation, or even during it. You need to pay attention not only to the amount of blood released, but also to its color, and even its smell.

In addition to all of the above, bloody, clotted vaginal discharge, which occurs in the middle of the cycle, can signal the presence of the following diseases and pathological conditions:

• Chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and other infections transmitted through unprotected sex;
• Candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, endometriosis. Symptoms of these diseases often include moderate bleeding;
• Ectopic pregnancy, which, in addition to the release of blood-containing clots, is also characterized by severe pain in the lower abdomen, the urge to vomit, and headaches;
• Miscarriage in the early stages and in the first trimester;
• Damage to the lining epithelium during sexual intercourse;
• Discharge can become a symptom of hormonal imbalance, or uterine adnexal inflammation.

If you suspect any of the above cases, you should urgently seek advice from a gynecologist.

Implantation bleeding occurs approximately , and this often coincides with the onset of menstruation, or is slightly ahead of it. But most women believe that they only need to worry if there is a delay and do not pay attention to it, especially since such discharge is not abundant, and therefore does not cause much discomfort.

To date, the main differences between implantation bleeding and menstruation have not been scientifically proven, but some symptoms were still identified thanks to reviews from women and comments from doctors. Let's list the main ones.

1. Color.
2. Abundance.
3. Duration.
4. Increase in basal temperature.

If the last point can be accurately established only by women who constantly keep a chart and regularly measure their temperature through the rectum, then the remaining signs are accessible to anyone to observe.

Bleeding, discharge caused by the attachment of the egg to the uterine mucosa, can only be called conditionally.

What does implantation bleeding look like? These can be either barely noticeable scarlet drops on underwear or very scanty beige-brown smears reminiscent of the beginning of menstruation.

How long does implantation bleeding last? The duration of this process ranges from a couple of hours to several days, and quite often there are also breaks between them.

If the blood is profuse, a rich, bright red color and is accompanied by severe pain, but does not resemble the usual menstruation, this is clearly not what we are considering today, but may be a sign of a frozen pregnancy, hormonal imbalance, or diseases of the female reproductive system, therefore, you need to immediately seek help from specialists.

DETAILS: Blood purification

It is important!!! The attachment of a fertilized egg is an invisible and physically imperceptible process. If the discharge is accompanied by severe pain, do not delay visiting a doctor.

Symptoms and signs (feelings)

As a rule, embryonic discharge is not accompanied by pronounced manifestations and often goes unnoticed. However, 20 out of 100 girls may experience the following feelings as a sign of pregnancy:

• the most accurate and accurate indicator, which is impossible without implantation bleeding, is a decrease in basal temperature. At the very beginning of the process, when the cell is consolidated, the indicators necessarily change;
• heaviness, aching or nagging pain in the lower abdomen;
• spotting or droplets of scarlet blood (sometimes so insignificant that they do not cause attention);
• color from cream or pinkish to light brown;
• general health may be accompanied by weakness, dizziness, slight malaise, and sometimes nausea;
• The duration is short - from several hours to a maximum of 2 days.

Knowing how the implantation process goes is especially important for married couples who decide to resort to IVF reproductive technology.

Characteristic signs

Implantation bleeding, signs of which may indicate early pregnancy:

• A sensation of pushing may be created in part of the pubic area. This is caused by spasms in the uterus.
• Pain may occur, but usually not significant.
• The temperature in the vagina rises to 37.5. She may be back to normal in a week.
• Sometimes a slight feeling of nausea may be present.

Since discharge in a woman during implantation bleeding may indicate the presence of various diseases, it is therefore necessary to be able to distinguish its symptoms from others.

How to determine

In order not to wonder whether you have your period or implantation bleeding, it is enough to know the manifestations of certain features. We remind you that this process is not considered normal and does not occur in all women.

• at the time of implantation, the stomach may hurt, the feeling lasts no more than 15 minutes;
• the main aspect is that discharge always begins 3-6 days before the start of menstruation;
• duration no more than 48 hours;
• a small amount that is usually not given importance;
• pay attention to the color, which is not bright red like menstruation.

Signs of implantation of a fertilized egg

The color of discharge during implantation bleeding may differ depending on the state of health of the female body: the discharged drops may have a regular red color, or they may be pale pink or dark brown. Please note that the secretion should not have an unpleasant odor.

The main sign of implantation bleeding is drops of blood without a specific odor.

Considering that vaginal discharge can be caused by a number of gynecological diseases, it is very important to differentiate implantation bleeding from real health problems. The implantation of a fertilized egg may be accompanied by additional symptoms:

• pulling attempts in the pubic area, which are provoked by a spasm of the muscles of the uterus;
• painful sensations may be present, but they should be very mild;
• jump in basal temperature - during the consolidation period it can rise to 37.5 degrees, and after a week it decreases significantly;
• A slight feeling of nausea may be present.

Implantation bleeding can also be detected by other signs related to the nature and abundance of discharge. So, during menstruation, everything begins with the appearance of a small volume of blood, which gradually increases and then declines again. In most cases, implantation bleeding begins just a few days before the start of menstruation and is episodic in nature without increasing the volume of discharge. If the discharge is caused by diseases, then it is longer lasting, may have a very dark color and an unpleasant odor.

What does it look like

It is worth understanding that a specific phenomenon occurs only when pregnancy occurs, that is, this is a guarantee of fertilization. If implantation does not occur, then embryonic bleeding is excluded.

Let's try to identify all the signs, symptoms and indicators of what this process may look like and how it manifests itself:

• happens in no more than 30% of women;
• begins 3-6 days before menstruation, at this time even hCG analysis is useless;
• scarlet blood or smearing mucus with streaks, but homogeneous, without clots or other inclusions, as shown in the photo;
• color varies - from beige to brown, but not red;
• no unpleasant pungent odor;
• the amount of discharge is small, often this fact goes unnoticed;
• for a short time there is a change in basal temperature;
• for 3-4 days, sometimes there is a feeling of weakness, fatigue, pain in the lower abdomen or dizziness;
• are detected 4-6 days after sexual intercourse and only in case of conception;
• duration from 2 hours to 2 days.

If you know what this phenomenon looks like and happens, you will no longer be able to confuse it with menstruation; the process is shown in the original video.

Heavy discharge is a reason to go to the doctor

Please note that if you experience severe pain, a longer cycle, or suspiciously dark-colored bleeding, you should immediately consult a doctor. This is most likely a pathology.

Bleeding during pregnancy

You definitely need to know what pathological conditions that require help look like at the beginning of pregnancy. Bleeding during pregnancy can be a manifestation of:

1. Development of the fetus outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy). The blastocyst is attached to the wall of the fallopian tube, and less often remains in the ovaries and abdominal cavity. This condition is considered urgent, because as it develops, it ends with profuse internal bleeding. In the early stages after fertilization, with the development of the fetus outside the uterus, the signs of pregnancy are no different from those during normal attachment of the embryo. The test will also be positive. There is an aching, cramping or severe cutting pain in the lower abdomen. In addition to internal bleeding, uterine bleeding sometimes occurs, but it is rarely pronounced. In severe cases, the woman loses consciousness, the skin becomes pale, and blood pressure decreases.
2. Threats of termination of pregnancy, sometimes resulting in miscarriage. At the initial stage, a woman may notice droplets of blood from the genital tract. If medical assistance is not provided, the bleeding intensifies and often ends in the death of the embryo.
3. Frozen pregnancy is an abnormal cessation of fetal development at a certain period due to any disturbances. Most often, this condition occurs before the third month of pregnancy. An hCG test shows that the level of this hormone does not increase or decreases. An ultrasound does not reveal fetal growth; sometimes the study determines that the entire embryo is missing. If the fertilized egg separates on its own, pain and bleeding appear. The latter may be brown in color and viscous in consistency.

How many days after conception

If you know the timing when implantation bleeding usually begins, it is much easier to understand what exactly you are faced with.

This will help to detect pregnancy earlier, prevent miscarriage, not overlook the disease, or find out the diagnosis.

Usually the fertilized egg is attached to the uterine endometrium 4-5 days after conception. Add about two more days for the implementation process itself.

But it is not necessary that fertilization occurs precisely when sexual intercourse occurs. It happens that within 3 days the sperm are hidden in the fallopian tubes, as shown in the photo.

In this case, the first symptoms of implantation appear only on the 8th day after sexual activity.

All women have a personally drawn up schedule for their monthly cycle. On average, IR occurs on days 21-26 of menstruation or a week before it.

Knowing all the dates, it should be easy to calculate on which day of the monthly cycle implantation will occur. Information is critical for those planning reproduction through IVF or insemination.

Cryotransfer

Cryotransfer is an additional in vitro fertilization procedure that is used for a number of specific reasons. Most often, freezing is performed when there are a large number of good embryos on days 3-5, due to the development of hyperstimulation in a woman or other gynecological problems. The IVF protocol allows for the transfer of one to four embryos, but not all take root. The remaining viable embryos are frozen using a special system and stored in liquid nitrogen until the couple decides to make a second transfer.

Note!

By resorting to cryotransfer, most families gain a chance to have another child. The sensations after transfer of a thawed embryo are no different, and the appearance of signs of implantation is the same as during a normal transfer.

In vitro fertilization is becoming an increasingly common method for conceiving a child every day. Many married couples who have been seriously diagnosed with infertility gain the chance to raise their baby. However, not all patients ask reproductive specialists about possible signs of pregnancy, believing that the very first signal will be an hCG test, which is taken 10-14 days after the replantation. But this is not true; in some cases, discharge after embryo transfer can indicate the onset of a desired pregnancy. All that is required of a woman is to carefully monitor her well-being and protect her health, because another person who needs protection may already be living under her heart.

Does it always happen

As mentioned above, not all women may experience implantation bleeding during pregnancy. This is not considered the norm, but it is not a deviation either. More often occurs with multiple fertilization (twins or triplets)

There are no visible reasons for the occurrence of IR; the process occurs asymptomatically and is recognized as an individual feature of the female body.

In order not to be confused with PMS, you should know what spotting looks like, how many days it lasts, be able to distinguish color, homogeneity without clots and other indicators.

Don't be upset over trifles

Changes in the nature of discharge during implantation of the embryo into the uterine cavity

In addition to the signs described above of the onset of gestation, many women also experience a change in the nature of the discharge. Since small capillaries are damaged during the penetration of the embryo into the uterine cavity, blood can be released from the vagina. Moreover, its amount can vary - from a few drops to heavy discharge, which resembles that which appears with the onset of menstruation.

However, most often, implantation bleeding is scanty and some women do not even attach any importance to it. But the daub is not always bloody. It can also be brown, pink or cream in color. Moreover, if everything proceeds normally, third-party symptoms such as:

• Abdominal pain syndrome.
• Weaknesses.
• Dizziness.

If these signs appear, you should definitely visit a doctor, because they may indicate a threat of miscarriage.

Can it be abundant?

We remind you that implantation bleeding cannot be as heavy as your period. Like everything inexplicable, such a pathology occurs in exceptional cases.

The picture is similar with monthly menstruation during pregnancy. The phenomena are classified as one in a million.

Implantation is rarely accompanied by headaches or malaise. Even if your stomach hurts and it seems like it’s just a scanty period, there are many other distinctive signs. For example, color and timing.

If you have strong doubts, purchase pregnancy tests or get tested for hCG levels, but only after the clots have stopped coming out.

How long can it last

Implantation bleeding, what day after the start of pregnancy can it start and how long will it last? This question probably interests many women.

Implantation bleeding may appear somewhere on the 10th day after ovulation, while simple menstruation, as a rule, occurs only after 14 days. This process depends on how quickly the fertilized egg enters the uterine cavity.

The duration varies for each woman individually. But, as a rule, the process can last from a couple of hours to several days. In some cases, the process may take a long time, but this is considered a pathology. In order to exclude gynecological diseases, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Sometimes a woman's bleeding may begin on the same day as her period. Then, the woman may not even realize that she is pregnant, especially if the implantation bleeding lasts several hours.

Implantation bleeding and pregnancy test: what and why should you do when the probability of the test is most plausible?

After the discharge with blood has ended, it is best to do it on the 14th day. If you do it sooner, the results will not be accurate. In cases where the test gives a negative result, you need to contact a specialist, as this may be a sign of some kind of disease.

During ovulation

On average, implantation bleeding occurs on days 25-27, less often on days 29-30, 31 of the cycle, a week or 2-4 days before menstruation.

But for implantation to occur, the egg must be fertilized. This can only happen when you ovulate during your period in the middle of your cycle. It depends on the calendar of critical days.

Considering the chronology of events, cell attachment can occur at different times after ovulation:

• average (common): 7-10 days;
• early (rare): 6-7;
• with late implantation (more often occurs with IVF): after 10.

Women expecting pregnancy often wonder whether it is always possible to detect IR and whether there may be no signs of manifestation.

Depending on the individual cycle, implantation sometimes coincides with the onset or may occur on the day of the expected period.

The next cycle will answer your questions

In this case, it is difficult to figure out whether it is bleeding or menstruation. In the absence of obvious symptoms, the results will only be known before the next cycle.

Is there always discharge when an embryo implants into the uterus?

Not in all cases, when an embryo is transplanted into the uterine cavity, spotting is observed. Sometimes this process occurs completely unnoticed by the woman, especially if conception was carried out artificially (using IVF), since in this case the fertilized egg is immediately implanted into the uterus and minor discharge can be observed only in the first few hours after the procedure.

However, sometimes even after IVF, a couple of days later, women experience slight bleeding from the vagina, which is also not considered a deviation, especially if this phenomenon is observed 5–6 days after the procedure. In this case, successful artificial insemination may be indicated by thick dark discharge that does not have a specific odor.

The opening of bleeding - the release of a large amount of blood, is not normal either during natural or artificial conception. Its occurrence indicates rejection of the fertilized egg and the presence of a high risk of miscarriage.

Uncharacteristic and mild symptoms that occur during ovum transplantation are often confused by some women with other conditions that can also cause scanty and spotting discharge. These include:

• Frequent stress.
• Taking oral contraceptives.
• Mechanical damage to the vaginal mucosa during sex (in this case, discharge occurs immediately after intimacy and is also observed for several hours).

For ectopic pregnancy

The first signals appear 2-3 days after conception. Doctors call the onset of symptoms to be a decrease in immunity.

Implantation occurs on days 4-10, when basal values ​​change, pain in the lower abdomen and discharge are possible.

However, there are also tragic life situations. In 2-3% of girls, an ectopic pregnancy is detected. In this case, the attachment of the embryo occurs outside the endometrium.

Then there can be no talk of implantation bleeding. The process is accompanied by severe pain and dark, brown-black discharge. It is recommended to urgently call an ambulance.

Pregnancy test

How to distinguish bleeding from mild disruption of the endometrial layer from menstruation? Typically, bleeding occurs before the expected start of menstruation. It is not difficult to recognize the specific appearance of blood on underwear. Menstrual flow differs from implantation in duration and volume. Also, implantation bleeding has symptoms similar to the onset of menstruation.

Signs of pregnancy often include feeling unwell and some discomfort. There should be no bleeding after implantation bleeding. After a small amount of blood appears, many women want to determine whether pregnancy has occurred. However, standard tests sold in pharmacies will most likely not correctly determine a woman's condition at such an early stage.

The main indicator for these tests is the hCG hormone. Its concentration in the body increases significantly, including in the urine. The question of how long you should wait to receive reliable information can be answered by any gynecologist. Typically, the greatest reliability of the test is noted on the 16-17th day after the onset of ovulation or a few days after a missed period.

How long does it take?

Let's take a closer look at the basic points to remember:

• How many days before your period does implantation bleeding occur depends on the menstrual cycle. On average, from 3 days to a week before the onset of PMS;
• lasts from 2 to 48 hours;
• how much spotting can occur during implantation is manifested individually - this is one drop of blood or slight pale discharge;
• The maximum duration of embryo attachment during IVF is 10 days.

About the author : Borovikova Olga Igorevna

Implantation bleeding is a natural process that occurs when a fertilized egg is implanted into the endothelium of the uterus. Blood loss is insignificant because only the superficial layer of the genital organ is damaged. Bleeding occurs in only 17% of cases, which is why women often confuse it with menstruation. In most cases, egg implantation is asymptomatic.

How does attachment occur?

The attachment of the fertilized egg, which occurs approximately 7-9 days after ovulation, if conception has taken place, is a complex and surprising process. At the cellular level, so many unusual things happen in a woman’s body that it can be difficult to imagine. To understand why and how the discharge changes after implantation of the fertilized egg into the wall of the uterus, you need to try to imagine the whole process.

• Menstruation
• Ovulation
• High probability of conception

Ovulation occurs 14 days before the start of the menstrual cycle (with a 28-day cycle - on the 14th day). Deviation from the average value occurs frequently, so the calculation is approximate.

On what day of the cycle does it occur?

Most women wonder why implantation bleeding develops, on what day it occurs and how it manifests itself. In 95% of cases, the process begins 6-12 days after fertilization of the egg or ovulation. Compared to monthly menstruation, implantation causes bleeding 4-7 days before your period.

If a woman keeps a calendar or diary where she regularly records the beginning and duration of the menstrual cycle, then she will immediately notice a failure. In case of any violation of the schedule, it is recommended to contact a gynecologist to determine the exact cause of blood loss.

It is important to remember that normally, menstruation begins with weak discharge, which increases in intensity the next day. However, in some cases, severe bleeding can last up to 5-9 days. Thanks to the specific picture, it is possible to determine the beginning of implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus and distinguish it from the period of menstruation. Implantation blood loss occurs evenly, without increasing until the end of the process. On average, the embryo is immersed in the uterine layer in 40 hours, but this time depends strictly on individual characteristics.

In rare cases, implantation begins exactly on the day of menstruation. In such a situation, it becomes more difficult to determine the cause of bleeding: preparation for the next ovulation or pregnancy. If for any reason it is not possible to take a pregnancy test or visit a doctor, you must wait until the next menstrual cycle begins. If there is no discharge after a month, there is a high probability that the embryo has implanted into the uterine wall.

If a symptomatic picture of pregnancy appears 10 days after expected ovulation, you can take laboratory tests for human chorionic gonadotropin. There is no need to undergo the procedure earlier, because during this period the hCG level will be normal. The hormone begins to be released 8-10 days after fertilization.

The classic pregnancy test, which detects an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine, can also give a false negative result in early pregnancy. Therefore, to establish an accurate diagnosis, you need to submit tests to the laboratory after 10 days from the expected moment of implantation.

After conception

If you know exactly what day after conception the implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterine layer begins, you can immediately determine the further plan of action. This knowledge will help not only make a decision about continuing or terminating the pregnancy, but also to exclude concomitant diseases that could cause bleeding.

The fertilized egg is fixed in the endometrium of the uterus 4-5 days after fertilization. Embryo implantation in most cases occurs within 1-2 days. It is important to take into account that the fusion of the egg with the sperm does not necessarily occur on the day of sexual intercourse. The life cycle of male reproductive gametes varies from 3 to 5 days. During this period, sperm reside in the fallopian tubes, waiting for the egg to be released. If the female reproductive cell comes out at this time, then the first signs of implantation appear only 8-11 days after the end of sexual intercourse.

Women can keep a personal schedule for their menstrual cycle. If you go by the calendar, then on average implantation begins on the 21-26th day of the period or 7 days before the start of menstruation. Thanks to the diary, it is easier to calculate the expected immersion of the embryo in the uterus. Such information will be useful for women planning IVF reproduction or intrauterine insemination.

After ovulation

According to biostatistics, implantation bleeding can begin 25-27 days after ovulation. In some cases, it appears only on days 29-31. Embryo immersion can begin 4-7 days before menstruation or a day earlier - on the eve of the expected menstruation.

It should be remembered that for implantation to begin, the female reproductive cell must be fertilized by a sperm. The fusion of gametes is possible only during ovulation in the middle of the menstrual cycle. In most cases, the process of egg release occurs on the 14th day after the start of the previous menstruation. Ovulation begins strictly on an individual basis.

The process of fixation of the fertilized egg can occur at different times after the onset of ovulation:

• early implementation period - 6-7 days;
• the average time is observed on days 7-10;
• late immersion begins after 10 days, which is typical for IVF reproduction.

In exceptional cases, the time of ovulation, fertilization of the egg and subsequent implantation may coincide with the onset of menstrual bleeding.

Description

Implantation is the process of implantation of an egg in the uterus after its fertilization. During this period, the process of formation of blood vessels in the circulatory system begins, which is why a woman may experience spotting of a small volume. In medical terms, implantation bleeding is minor bleeding that occurs when a previously fertilized egg implants into the uterine wall.

Implantation bleeding is considered an almost normal type of vaginal discharge from a woman who recently became pregnant - this discharge is in no way connected with menstruation. Its cause is the introduction (i.e. implantation) of an embryo into the mucous wall of a woman’s uterine cavity, due to which the structure of this mucous membrane is partially destroyed, which, as a result, leads to minor bleeding.

However, it is imperative to take into account the fact that in some cases, bleeding from the uterine cavity at a certain period of the monthly cycle may be a manifestation of a deficiency of a hormone called progesterone. In this case, it represents a serious sign of the threat of termination of the pregnancy that has just occurred!

Many people mistake this type of bleeding for menstrual bleeding. But this is wrong, because... These types of bleeding phenomena are completely different! Implantation bleeding is a relatively rare but completely normal physiological phenomenon and can occur in any woman. This type of bleeding is one of the many signs that a woman is pregnant.

If you suspect that you have implantation bleeding, then to confirm this you need to carefully read the symptoms of this type of bleeding or contact a competent gynecologist at the antenatal clinic.

What day after ovulation does implantation bleeding begin?

If we talk about the timing when such bleeding can occur, we get the following:

1. Of course, in order for implantation to occur, fertilization of the egg must first occur, which is sufficiently mature for this. This is possible only on the days of ovulation, i.e. approximately in the middle of a woman's cycle. Those. when yours, for example, is 30 days, then ovulation will normally occur around day 13-16 of the cycle.
2. After this, it takes another 10 to 12 days for the already fertilized egg to move into the uterine cavity - this happens through the fallopian tubes.
3. Taking into account the above, the introduction of the embryo into the mucosa can approximately occur on days 23-28 of the cycle, respectively, and implantation bleeding can begin during this period.

Thus, speaking about “How many days after ovulation does implantation bleeding occur?”, based on the above calculations, we can answer - after 10-12 days.

How many days does implantation bleeding last?

As a rule, such bleeding lasts only a few hours for most women. At the same time, it can also be the other way around - sometimes there are deviations from this rule when implantation bleeding is observed for several days.

Main features

It should be noted that not all women who become pregnant experience implantation bleeding. Often, it can go completely unnoticed, since it is not bleeding in the full sense of the word. In addition, in some cases (quite often), the discharge during such bleeding has a barely noticeable visually light pink tint.

Typically, implantation bleeding is characterized by the following symptoms:

• slight change in basal temperature;
• a slight feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the lower abdomen (severe pain is a sign of a threatened miscarriage!);
• the discharge is quite scanty, and often completely unnoticeable, so a pregnant woman often learns about implantation bleeding directly at an appointment with a professional gynecologist;
• after such bleeding, the woman experiences a feeling of weakness and some “brokenness.”

Every woman needs to know that slight bleeding may occur shortly before the start of her expected period, which will not occur due to pregnancy. Such slight bleeding during this period of the monthly cycle is quite possible and absolutely normal, even despite the onset of pregnancy - it is called implantation bleeding.

What is extremely important to remember is that this type of bleeding cannot be pronounced, with copious discharge, too painful or reminiscent of menstrual or uterine bleeding. If you observe heavy bleeding, and the discharge is rich red or burgundy in color, then you should look for some other reasons for the bleeding. These types of reasons could be a miscarriage that occurred in early pregnancy, for example, or dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In such a situation, you must immediately contact a qualified and competent gynecologist!

The introduction of the embryo into the uterine wall, or its implantation, completes embryogenesis. From this moment on, a fetus is formed from the embryo. This is an important stage of development, on which the successful outcome of pregnancy largely depends.

This process is still little studied, since although the embryo is accessible to scientists (for example, during in vitro fertilization), the process of its penetration into the uterine wall is impossible to see.

In many cases, despite the good condition of the uterus and embryo, implantation does not occur. This is especially difficult for IVF patients.

How long does it last

The duration of bleeding during embryo implantation depends on the individual structure of the organs and the speed of implantation. If there is heavy blood loss lasting more than 48-72 hours, immediate hospitalization is required. If the bleeding lasts a long time, then the blood loss is caused by a progressive pathology. The disease does not allow tissues to recover, which causes new open wounds and vascular ruptures. The remaining cases do not go beyond the normal limits.

However, you cannot immediately attribute spotting to signs of pregnancy. Gynecologists say that implantation blood loss is considered a sign of fertilization. But only laboratory tests can say for sure about the successful fixation of the fertilized egg in the uterine mucosa. In some cases, the fertilized germ cell is not immersed in the uterine endometrium and further embryonic development does not continue; gametes are excreted during the next menstrual period.

The process of implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus takes from 2 to 48 hours. The maximum duration is observed with IVF, when the immersion of a fertilized egg can last up to 10 days. During this period, the process should be monitored by medical specialists who will help explain the cause of bleeding during implantation. The amount of bleeding is individual for each woman.

how long does it last and how not to confuse it with menstruation?

Of particular importance at the beginning of pregnancy is the implantation of the fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus. This phenomenon is always, as indicated in medical sources, accompanied by bloody discharge, which in obstetrics is called implantation bleeding (hereinafter referred to as IB). This process can cause anxiety in a woman, especially if the pregnancy was planned. Therefore, it is very important to know how long implantation bleeding lasts so that, if necessary, you can promptly pay attention to warning signs that something is going wrong.

Why does bleeding occur during implantation?

Upon arrival at the uterine mucosa, the fertilized egg loses its protective layer, which leads to exposure of the trophoblast, through which the fetus is attached to the endometrium. At the same time, the trophoblast retains its important function and in the future it will take an active part in the formation of the placental membrane of the embryo.

Now as for the bleeding itself. As mentioned earlier, after fertilization of the egg, the expectant mother’s body begins to actively prepare for implantation of the embryo and its gestation. As a result, the endometrium becomes looser, cell proliferation is observed and, as a result, blood flow in the mucous tissues of the uterus increases.

During the process of attachment of the future embryo to the endometrium, some of its cells at the site of implantation are damaged. And this phenomenon is called embryonic bleeding.

This, in fact, explains the discharge after implantation. But in fact, everything looks a little different. Imagine how tiny a fertilized egg is in size and how much area it will occupy in the uterine mucosa - these are just a few millimeters.

When wondering how many days IR can last, it is worth understanding that the number of cells damaged during the attachment of the gestational egg to the wall of the uterus is so small that in the end no more than 2 drops of blood are released. And even then, not all women observe that this notorious bleeding occurs at all.

On what day of the cycle does bleeding occur?

From the moment the egg is fertilized until it attaches to the wall of the uterus, about 5-7 days pass. The duration of the “journey” of the gestational egg depends on the following factors:

• condition and viability of the fertilized egg;
• functionality of the fallopian tubes;
• hormonal levels in the body of the expectant mother.

If we take the average data from medical studies, then embryo implantation occurs in the period from 6 to 12 days after conception. There are even cases when the attachment of the fertilized egg occurs 2-3 days before the start of the next menstrual cycle.

The process of implantation of the embryo into the endometrium itself may take from 2 hours to several days. On average, the implantation of a blastocyst into the inner wall of the uterine cavity occurs within 40 hours.

During this time, the membrane of the gestational cell is introduced into the mucous tissue of the uterine cavity, thereby taking root in the maternal body. And it is at this time that a woman may feel some symptoms of implantation, which we will talk about a little later.

In this case, the process of implantation of an egg fertilized by a sperm can either be suspended or restarted. And if a woman keeps a calendar that tracks her basal temperature, then the so-called implantation depression will be observed on the graph.

It’s also worth mentioning that depending on the physiological characteristics of the expectant mother’s body, embryo implantation can be early or late:

1. With early implantation, the fertilized egg is fixed in the uterine wall 7 days after conception. Such cases extremely rarely in medical practice result in successful pregnancy. As a rule, within a week the endometrium does not have time to prepare to “receive” the gestational cell. At the same time, the probability of early attachment, although small, is present.
2. In the case of late fixation of the fetal cell, the process occurs on the 10th day after conception. Most often this happens with artificial insemination. If we are talking about natural conception, then late implantation becomes a surprise for future parents, especially for those who are planning a pregnancy and are looking forward to the appearance of the first signs.

The difference between IR and menstruation

Many women who encounter IR for the first time take it as the beginning of menstruation. In view of this, being already pregnant, a woman continues to lead her usual lifestyle, without worrying about the health of her own and the future baby. Therefore, it is important to know what the differences are between menstruation and IR and what this phenomenon looks like:

1. The first and most important sign that a new life is emerging in the body is the nature of the discharge. With IR, scanty discharge is observed, more similar to a brownish daub. During menstruation, this bleeding will be more abundant, intense and prolonged.
2. The duration of IR can reach 2 days, while menstruation lasts from 4 to 7 days, which largely depends on the individual characteristics of the female body.
3. The next distinguishing feature is the date. As a rule, the menstrual cycle has a certain number of days, and if it is regular and stable, then spotting in the middle indicates any changes in the functioning of the woman’s reproductive system.
4. Changes in basal temperature readings. The process of embryo implantation is accompanied first by a decrease in temperature and then by an increase. In the case of menstruation, temperature jumps are not observed.

Implantation during IVF

Speaking in general terms, the process of implantation of the fertilized egg during IVF and in the case of natural conception is practically no different. At the same time, there is one distinctive feature: due to the fact that fertilization and the initial development of the embryo occurred in artificially created conditions - as a rule, 5 days are used for cryotransfer - when it enters the uterine cavity, the embryo needs time for adaptation. This is why in 35% of cases women do not become pregnant after the IVF procedure, which is due to the death of the embryo.

Other signs of implantation

In addition to the so-called implantation bleeding, the process of attachment of a gestational cell to the wall of the uterus may be accompanied by a number of other signs:

• pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
• increased body temperature - this sign can be observed immediately after conception;
• decrease in basal temperature;
• nausea;
• general malaise;
• sudden mood changes.

I would like to clarify right away that not all women experience implantation with any symptoms. Therefore, you should not rely entirely on such signs. If you suspect pregnancy, it is better to take a test or visit a gynecologist.

Bottom line

Instead of a conclusion, I would like to say the following: the term IR refers to minor bleeding caused by implantation of the blastocyst of the fertilized egg into the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity. And even then, not all women notice IR. If there are signs of pregnancy and they are supported by such discharge, then you should consult a doctor to confirm your “interesting situation”.

Have you or your friends encountered such a phenomenon as IR? If so, is it actually happening as stated in the medical literature?

How to distinguish from menstruation

Up to 10% of women, when bleeding occurs untimely, wonder what triggered its appearance: implantation bleeding or menstruation. Without testing, this is difficult to determine even for medical specialists. To correctly distinguish menstruation from implantation bleeding, it is necessary to understand the cause of the development of both processes. This is especially important when planning pregnancy.

In the middle of the menstrual cycle, an egg is released from the ovary, the maturation of which lasts about 14-16 days. At the same time, the release of hormones begins, which provoke renewal of the outer layer of the uterus. The old endometrium, unsuitable for embryo immersion, gradually exfoliates. As a result of cell death, bleeding begins, because at the same time rupture or damage to blood vessels occurs. This process lasts about 7-8 days, which are necessary for the normal restoration of epithelial tissue.

The life of an egg is about 24 hours. If during this period a sperm penetrates into the female gamete, fertilization will occur. An embryo is formed, which begins to form a special depression in the loose uterine endometrium. The immersion process in some cases is accompanied by damage to superficial vessels, which leads to bleeding. The implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus may coincide with the onset of menstruation. The discharge that appears from menstrual discharge is thick, has a large amount of mucous mass and a small amount of blood loss.

If bleeding develops before expected ovulation, fertilization and subsequent implantation are impossible. This indicates a change in the schedule of the menstrual cycle or progressive diseases. If fertilization is possible, you can notice a small amount of blood on the pad, which differs from menstruation in a pinkish color and the presence of a beige secretion with white streaks. The discharge does not have a specific odor or abundance. Blood loss during egg implantation lasts about 2 days.

To correctly determine the signs of implantation bleeding, it is necessary to pay attention to the visual parameters of the secreted secretion. Immersion of the embryo into the uterine mucosa is not a pathological process. Therefore, discharge during implantation is rare, and blood clots should not be dark in color. The color of the secretion can vary from light pink to cream or light brown.

Brown or purple discharge is practically not observed. When they appear, there is a high risk of developing negative symptoms: inflammation, infection or damage to the endometrium. Due to abundant secretion, thrush may occur.

Implantation of an embryo into the uterine wall is accompanied by a number of unusual sensations. During the immersion of the fertilized egg, a woman may experience slight nagging discomfort or cutting pain in the pubic area. In this case, the pain syndrome should not be severe.

The cause of the discomfort is due to spasm of the smooth muscles of the uterus. During and after the implantation of the egg into the mucous membrane, the organ is damaged, which causes a compensatory reaction of the body. Nerves send signals to the brain that an organ is damaged. The muscles of the uterus begin to contract in response to irritation.

Unlike menstruation, the pain does not last long. Unpleasant sensations in the lower abdomen during embryo implantation should last no more than 10-15 minutes. In this case, the woman may feel slightly dizzy and deteriorate in general well-being. Side effects continue for 2-4 hours, after which they stop spontaneously.

The implantation process is accompanied by changes in temperature indicators. This phenomenon is short-term, so when planning a pregnancy it is important to keep a diary. Records are required to include daily body temperature.

If bleeding occurs against the background of immersion of the embryo into the uterine layer, the basal temperature rises to +37.5°C. The next day the indicators return to normal. In this case, after 4-5 days, the woman may feel severe weakness and record a decrease in temperature to +35°C. This is due to changes in hormonal levels and indicates the onset of pregnancy.

On the 2nd day after the start of menstruation, compared to the immersion of the embryo in the endometrium of the uterus, blood begins to be released more intensely. In this case, monthly bleeding is accompanied by the release of various large blood clots covered with mucus. On a menstrual pad, women notice remains of pink tissue covered with blood. This is the exfoliated mucous membrane of the uterus, which has a mesh structure. When the embryo is implanted, the old endometrium is not released.

When maintaining a menstrual calendar, it is important to record the start and end dates of your last period. A normal cycle lasts from 28 to 31 days, ovulation occurs on days 14-16. When a female egg is fertilized, implantation into the uterine wall begins 1.5 weeks after the reproductive gamete matures and leaves the ovary.

It is important to remember that even after fixation of the fertilized gamete in the uterine endometrium, there is no chance of pregnancy. If for some reason the implantation process was disrupted, then if menstruation is delayed by 3-6 days, spotting or a small amount of blood may appear. This phenomenon is caused by embryonic bleeding, after which natural menstruation begins a few days later.

If suspected implantation blood loss is accompanied by severe pain and dark purple secretion, you should consult a doctor. Instead of the expected introduction of the female gamete, there is a high probability of developing a pathological process that provokes damage to the blood vessels. It is necessary to undergo a medical examination if bleeding continues to be of high intensity for several days.

Symptoms

Many women are interested in becoming pregnant and eagerly await signs of successful implantation. They are divided into subjective (sensations), objective (external changes) and laboratory.

Is it possible to feel the implantation of an embryo?

Yes, during the invasion process the wall of the uterus and its vessels are damaged. Therefore, very slight bleeding may occur. In this case, blood is released in a minimal amount and may go unnoticed.

A woman may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, nagging or aching pain spreading to the lower back, along the inner thighs, and her temperature may rise to 37.5°C.

Other possible sensations during embryo implantation:

• irritability, drowsiness, weakness;
• general malaise and fatigue, lack of strength;
• signs reminiscent of;
• metallic taste in the mouth and nausea;
• stabbing or cutting pain, mild, reminiscent of itching or scratching.

Most of these signs are caused by a sudden change in hormonal levels, in particular, the production of hCG that has begun and is increasing every day. This is a physiological process.

When an embryo is implanted, the discharge may be in the form of a blood smear on the underwear or minor inclusions in the usual discharge from the genital tract. It is not bleeding and does not require the use of sanitary pads. The discharge has no odor or foreign impurities.

All these signs are nonspecific and can be observed in various diseases. Therefore, if they appear, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

To confirm the implantation of the embryo in the uterine wall, hCG testing in urine or blood is used. If necessary, these tests are repeated to ensure the normal development of pregnancy by increasing the level of this hormone.

Symptoms of embryo implantation into the uterus are normally mild. If carried out, they may be missing. If intense pain and/or bleeding occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor, as this may be a sign of miscarriage and become life-threatening for the woman.

Signs of pregnancy

If you suspect symptoms of implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterine wall, you must take a pregnancy test. The most accurate forecast can be obtained 10 days after expected ovulation. After short-term bleeding occurs, there is a high probability of a positive test result.

It is recommended to carry out the procedure after the following signs of pregnancy occur:

• Aversion to food or prolonged nausea for the first 2-3 hours after waking up. In some cases, odors that previously did not cause discomfort become unpleasant. Vomiting may occur.
• Chronic fatigue. In the first trimester, women's performance decreases and depression often occurs. Such changes develop due to strong changes in hormonal levels. In the absence of physical and mental stress against the background of bloody discharge, you need to do a test.
• Breast swelling accompanied by pain. The symptom is due to the increased sensitivity of the mammary glands to external factors during pregnancy. At the same time, pain may be a sign of menstrual bleeding, not conception.
• Psycho-emotional state disturbance, sleep disorder. Due to hormonal changes, drowsiness and sudden mood swings are observed.
• Frequent urge to urinate or systemic constipation, which is not typical for a woman’s normal condition. If there are no other reasons that could cause the changes, you need to take a pregnancy test.
• Dizziness. During periods of disturbances in the emotional state and hormonal levels, a woman may lose orientation in space. If dizziness develops against the background of sudden movements, light physical activity, or spontaneously, then there is a high probability of conception.

It is important to remember that bleeding after egg implantation does not always lead to pregnancy. Only a medical specialist can accurately establish the diagnosis and cause of blood loss. Compulsory examination is necessary for those who have had heavy bleeding that does not correspond to the period of menstruation.

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Peculiarities

Based on some characteristic features, you can determine what exactly is causing the blood: implantation bleeding or menstruation. There are special signs of pregnancy. They can appear even at such an early stage. The longer the fetus develops, the more obvious the pregnancy becomes:

• Strong feeling of nausea. The duration of the illness may be short, but many women feel the urge to vomit. This is due to the onset of pregnancy. Before the full development of the fetus begins, the body perceives the fertilized egg as a foreign body, a consequence of intoxication, and nausea is felt.
• Dizziness may indicate the onset of pregnancy. Sometimes this is a mild discomfort, and in some cases the dizziness is quite severe and causes fainting. This condition indicates that hormonal changes have begun.
• After fertilization occurs, painful sensations begin in the chest area. They are not fundamentally different from sensitivity during menstruation; the breasts “grow” due to an increase in fluid volume and changes in hormonal levels.
• At the very beginning of pregnancy, when the egg has not yet implanted inside the uterus, the body spends energy fighting the foreign body. After this, the most suitable conditions for the nutrition and development of the fetus are created. Showing such great efforts affects a woman’s well-being. Weakness, high fatigue and a desire to sleep a lot appear.
• Many women experience a frequent urge to urinate. This is explained by the fact that the enlarged uterus puts a certain pressure on the bladder.
• Every month, the female body prepares for conception. After pregnancy, a slight bloating occurs due to the creation of a nutrient medium for the embryo.
• Excessive bleeding is not a feature of implantation bleeding; in this case, it is better to consult a doctor.

Embryogenesis phases

The egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube and moves through it into the uterine cavity within 5-7 days. At this time, it continuously divides, forming cells from which the fruit and its membranes will subsequently develop. The outside of this formation is covered with a protective layer. After entering the uterus, the blastocyst (the so-called formed embryo) must attach to its wall in order to receive oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s body.

On what day does embryo implantation occur after conception?

The embryo enters the uterine cavity 4-5 days after fusion with the sperm. Then it is freed from the outer cells that protected the egg from re-fertilization, and after 1-2 days it penetrates the wall of the organ. Thus, the general time frame for embryo implantation from conception to implantation in the uterus is 6-7 days.

During implantation, the embryo undergoes complex processes, moving from the uterine cavity to its wall. This process is conventionally divided into three phases:

1. Apposition (attachment).
2. Attachment.
3. Invasion (penetration).

After the blastocyst is released from the outer cells, it becomes a freely moving ball. It approaches the surface of the endometrium and attaches to it, despite contractions of the uterine wall and the production of a mucous substance - mucin. This becomes possible due to the release of chemicals - cytokines and chemokines, which are produced by both the blastocyst and the endometrium.

The production of these substances actively occurs in the first 6 days after ovulation, and in the first phase of the cycle they are practically absent. During the anovulatory cycle, the release of such adhesive substances by the uterus is also minimal.

After the initial apposition, the next stage begins - attachment. It is mediated by integrin receptors on the surface of the endometrium. As a result of their interaction with the embryo, the latter sinks into the wall of the uterus and is “covered” from above by endometrial cells. Integrins are present in greatest quantities in the uterus immediately after ovulation and during the 2nd phase of the cycle.

At the final stage (10–14 days after conception), the chorion begins to form, which then turns into the placenta. The cells of the embryo dissolve the walls of blood vessels, intermediate tissue and are tightly fixed in the uterine wall.

What happens after the embryo is implanted into the uterus?

At this stage, direct connections are formed between the embryo and the uterine vessels, chorionic villi develop, and joint circulation of the mother and fetus occurs. This is the embryonic period, which lasts up to 8 weeks. The placenta gradually forms, which begins to function fully from the 20th week of pregnancy.

If the invasion process is disrupted, placental anomalies develop: with deep invasion, placenta accreta is likely, and with superficial invasion, the risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation increases.

How long does the embryo implantation process take?

Three successive phases take 2-3 days.

With IVF, all these stages may be somewhat lengthened or shifted in time. Typically, embryos that are 3 and 5 days old are introduced into the uterus. However, their implementation under the mucous membrane can take up to 10 days.

From a medical point of view, implantation continues until the placenta is completely formed, that is, until the 20th week of pregnancy. All harmful factors acting on the expectant mother at this time can disrupt the process of placenta formation and cause further deviations in the development of the fetus.