What color should urine be during pregnancy?

Urine analysis during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the mother's body undergoes a global restructuring. As the uterus grows, it not only stretches the abdomen, but also puts pressure on the back wall of the abdominal cavity. For this reason, various organs find themselves in compromised conditions (for example, kidneys).

For normal kidney function, it is extremely important that the urine produced has a regular outflow. In case of the slightest compression, urine stagnation occurs, which leads to an increase in the size of the kidneys. After a couple of weeks of such stagnation, an infection spreads in the kidney, most often caused by the bladder. Infection causes inflammation and other complications.

That is why a urine test is so important, carried out in a timely manner before a pregnant woman may feel unwell. High-quality analysis allows you to identify a developing disease at an early stage. A urine test during pregnancy provides a lot of useful information that allows you to identify late toxicosis (preeclampsia).

A general urine test comes first in importance and is the main test for any kidney disease, even without regard to modern advances in laboratory diagnostics. It is necessary to be able to correctly collect urine before analysis so that the information received is correctly deciphered.

Urine color during pregnancy

Learning how to properly collect urine for analysis

Anyone who does not know the basic rules of submitting urine for testing runs the risk of becoming a victim of false diagnosis. As a rule, the doctor explains to his patient before conducting the study the basic rules for donating this informative fluid:

• Before taking the test, it is necessary to exclude physical overexertion, since it can cause unwanted appearance of protein, and also exclude spicy, salty, sour foods, alcohol and large portions of meat from the diet. Otherwise, the results may be distorted.
• To collect urine, you must take a sterile container. It is ideal to use special containers from the pharmacy.
• A urine test is collected in the morning immediately after waking up. During the night, the kidneys work in a different mode, the concentration of various substances in the urine increases, and it becomes darker in color than during the day. At such a high concentration, existing deviations become obvious.
• Before filling the container, wash thoroughly with soap. It is most convenient to do this in the shower, or with the help of trouble.
• Women are advised to place a cotton swab in the vagina before taking the test to prevent intimate secretions from getting into the urine. If you managed to take a shower, it is not at all necessary to do so.
• An average portion of urine should fall into the jar. How? The first seconds you urinate into the toilet, then into the jar, and finally back into the toilet.
• Try not to shake or agitate the jar of urine while carrying it, otherwise foam will form and the result will be less accurate. Modern laboratories accept urine analysis in test tubes, into which it is poured from a jar. It is easier to transport in a test tube, and the contents are not afraid of shaking.
• The analysis reaches the laboratory as quickly as possible, within two hours.

Protein in urine during pregnancy

According to the accepted norm, there should be no protein in the urine; its maximum allowable amount is 0.033 g/l. If the analysis is carried out on modern, more sensitive equipment, then a maximum protein content of 0.14 g/l is acceptable.

Protein often appears in the urine as a result of stress or intense physical activity. An increase in the level of protein in the urine of a pregnant woman may also indicate the presence of one of the possible diseases: proteinuria or pyelonephritis of pregnant women, or gestosis (late toxicosis).

Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidneys due to infection. Its main symptoms are: pain in the lower back in the kidney area, elevated body temperature, and a state of general malaise. With an infectious kidney disease, a large number of leukocytes are found in the urine along with protein.

If a urine test during pregnancy is bad, the doctor prescribes hospital treatment for the expectant mother. In the second half of pregnancy, the use of antibiotics is acceptable and justified, since at this time they no longer have a detrimental effect on the growing baby.

The appearance of protein in the urine of a pregnant woman in combination with increased pressure above 130/90 mm Hg. and edema is a sure sign of gestosis - a dangerous disease that requires immediate treatment in the maternity hospital in the department of pathology of pregnant women. Severe toxicosis in the later stages leads to headaches, convulsions, and a sharp increase in blood pressure. In the absence of timely treatment, late toxicosis can lead to fetal death.

Dark urine during pregnancy

Leukocytes in urine during pregnancy

The normal level of leukocytes in the urine of pregnant women is up to six per field of view. The norm according to Nechiporenko is up to two thousand per milliliter. An increased value of these numbers, as a rule, indicates inflammatory processes in the bladder, urethra or kidneys. In the body, leukocytes have a protective role; these substances fight infection, therefore, if it is present, the number of leukocytes increases.

If the inflammation is not severe, the number of leukocytes fluctuates at 10-15. If their level has risen to 40-50, we can safely say that we are talking about a serious disease, most likely pyelonephritis (kidney inflammation). According to statistics, it is pregnant women who suffer from this disease more than anyone else, which is associated with increased pressure from the growing uterus on the kidneys and the addition of infection.

A slight increase in leukocytes within 10 may be a consequence of negligent care of the external genitalia immediately before the test.

Cloudy urine during pregnancy

Glucose in urine during pregnancy

In modern laboratories, the amount of sugar in urine is measured in exact numbers, but in ordinary old ones - in “crosses”. For this reason, each laboratory can have its own standard value. As a rule, reference values ​​(norms) can be viewed either on the right or at the bottom of the analysis form.

The appearance of sugar in the urine in small quantities is more typical in the second half of pregnancy. This phenomenon is called “traces” and does not play any significant role. During this period, the mother's body can specifically increase glucose levels to nourish the baby in the womb.

If we are talking about a large amount of sugar, then the pregnant woman must be examined for diabetes. It is often accompanied by increased urination and thirst. In this case, the doctor will prescribe an additional examination: a glucose tolerance test and a blood sugar test.

Ketone bodies in urine during pregnancy

Ketone bodies are toxic substances that appear in the urine during certain diseases. During the first half of gestation, the appearance of ketone bodies is usually associated with early toxicosis of the pregnant woman, vomiting and dehydration as a result of lack of fluid.

If the expectant mother was diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy, ketone bodies in the urine during gestation may indicate decompensation of the disease (its exacerbation).

Bacteria in urine during pregnancy

If only bacteria are detected in the urine, and the level of leukocytes is normal, the results of a urine test may indicate an inflammatory process in the bladder or kidney disease. When nothing bothers the expectant mother, this phenomenon is called “asymptomatic bacteriuria.”

This condition can become dangerous even if there are no complaints from the pregnant woman, since sooner or later the bacteria travel from the bladder to the kidney. During pregnancy, this process is much easier due to the deterioration of urine outflow due to the heaviness of the uterus.

If, as a result of the analysis, not only bacteria are found in the urine, but also an increased volume of leukocytes, then in most cases we are talking about a kidney infection. In addition to bacteria, urine sediment may contain yeast.

Blood in urine during pregnancy

Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko during pregnancy

The main and most common type of laboratory testing is a general urine test. However, it is not uncommon for a pregnant woman to have complaints, but a general analysis does not show inflammatory processes. In this case, the doctor prescribes a urine test according to Nechiporenko to make a more clear diagnosis. The result of this analysis allows us to judge with great confidence two important indicators:

• leukocyte level – normal up to 2000 per 1 ml,
• the level of red blood cells is normal up to 1000 per 1 ml.

Nechiporenko analysis is performed similarly to conventional analysis. The only difference is that its indicators will be calculated in the laboratory. During the general analysis, red and white blood cells are examined in the field of view of the microscope, and during the Nechiporenko analysis - in a milliliter.

This test was developed primarily to distinguish infectious pyelonephritis from non-infectious glomerulonephritis. Currently, this clarifying urine test during pregnancy is prescribed at the slightest suspicion of an inflammatory process.

Urine culture for flora during pregnancy

For the most effective treatment, the doctor monitoring the pregnant woman often prescribes a urine culture to determine sensitivity to antibiotics. The result of such an analysis is visible after ten days, however, if a large number of bacteria are present, the result can be obtained earlier.

Culture of urine for flora provides invaluable information: the type and name of bacteria that are the main cause of infection, as well as their sensitivity to various antibiotics. Based on the research, the doctor prescribes exactly the medicine that will have an effective effect and allow the pregnant woman to recover.

In addition to the above indicators, many other things are determined in urine based on test results, such as density, color, reaction, etc. However, these indicators are much more important for kidney patients, and not for pregnant women, so we did not talk about them in detail and will finish our conversation about urine tests during pregnancy.

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Normal indicators during pregnancy

In the absence of pathologies, the result of the analysis should look like this:

Variants of the norm in the early stages may be:

• cloudy urine as a consequence of early mild toxicosis;
• the appearance of ketone bodies in small quantities;
• fluctuations in pH due to vomiting or changes in food preferences.

Changes are possible at a later date:

1. Glucose levels - in the second half of pregnancy, they may increase slightly (physiological glycosuria).
2. Protein concentrations – slight increase (without additional symptoms).
3. The number of red blood cells - it is possible that several “extra” elements may appear due to compression of the bladder and ureters by the growing fetus and hormonal changes.
4. The number of leukocytes is a slight increase in the field of view (up to 10-15).

The first signs of pregnancy are the color of urine

12. 08. 2013 —

Every expectant mother knows firsthand about the “endless” jars of urine that need to be carried to the clinic throughout the entire pregnancy. The doctor examines the “paper” with the results of the urine test during each scheduled visit of the pregnant woman to the antenatal clinic. When the first signs of pregnancy appear, the color of urine usually remains unchanged. However, significant changes in the color of the liquid make it possible not only to determine conception, but also to identify possible deviations in time.

Many women are interested in what exactly influences such changes in the color of urine? In what cases do you get “multi-colored” urine? Let's try to find the answers.

Why take a urine test?

During pregnancy, an additional burden falls on the genitourinary system of the expectant mother, because now she has to work “for two”. In addition, the baby inside is constantly growing and puts pressure on the mother’s kidneys, which often interferes with their full functioning. Such conditions often contribute to the occurrence of various types of infections. That’s why our gynecologist insists so much on constant “offerings” of annoying jars of tests. Of course, this is often tedious, but for the sake of the health of the unborn baby, you can endure it.

Urine color during pregnancy

So, we handed over the jar of urine, and after some time we received the coveted piece of paper with strange numbers and symbols. A little later we will “get” to a gynecologist who can decipher all this. Now let's look at what color urine can be during pregnancy?

Reasons for color change

Normally, during pregnancy, urine can have various shades of yellow: from pale light straw to rich mustard.

What color is urine in pregnant women? It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. Even if you go to the laboratory where they take tests on expectant mothers, each jar of urine will have its own shade, and almost all of them are a variant of the norm.

The change in the shade of urine excreted is influenced not only by the natural processes occurring in the body of a pregnant woman, but also by other factors:

• Color saturation depends on the speed of metabolic processes, as well as on the volume of fluid consumed and excreted.
• Eating certain vegetables or fruits can change the color of urine. For example, the predominance of carrots in the diet gives an orange color to urine during pregnancy, and frequent consumption of beets turns it into a burgundy-red hue.
• Some groups of drugs can give a dark, red or deep yellow color to urine.
• Features of the functioning of renal filtration of urine during pregnancy.

What does the color of urine indicate during pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a great test for the body of the expectant mother. At this time, almost all organs and systems begin to work in enhanced mode. Therefore, starting from the earliest stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health. One of the most objective studies is a urine test, which is performed in a laboratory setting. But one parameter – the color of urine – can be assessed by the patient herself. The color of urine during pregnancy should be yellow, its intensity depends on many factors:

• urine concentration,
• pigment content (urochrome, urobilin, bilirubin),
• nature of nutrition,
• kidney function, etc.

Important: any changes in urine color should be reported to your obstetrician-gynecologist.

Why does urine color change during pregnancy?

Bright yellow shade

Urine turns orange or bright yellow when you take certain vitamins and medications. Very often, pregnant women are prescribed folic acid and vitamin complexes. These substances are not completely absorbed by the body, and some of them are excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, the urine becomes a rich yellow color. Other reasons may be treatment with nitrofuran preparations, frequent consumption of carrots or carrot juice. Sometimes urine becomes brighter after drinking drinks or eating foods that contain food coloring.

Dark yellow color

Dark colored urine can occur when the body is dehydrated. For example, with insufficient fluid intake, in hot weather with increased sweating. In the early stages, dehydration can occur due to toxicosis, which occurs with frequent vomiting. At a later stage, the cause of increased urine concentration is gestosis. The liquid part of the blood leaves the bloodstream into the tissue, resulting in the formation of edema. At the same time, signs of dehydration are observed.

Dark yellow urine is not always a sign of pathology. In all healthy people, urine is darker in the morning, as its concentration increases during the night.

Pink or reddish urine

Red or pinkish color of urine during pregnancy indicates blood getting into it. This can be due to inflammation of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis). Gestational pyelonephritis develops especially often in pregnant women. In this case, other symptoms are observed: fever, pain in the abdomen or lower back, painful frequent urination. With glomerulonephritis (which is quite rare), the urine takes on the characteristic color of “meat slop.” At the same time, swelling is observed, especially in the face, and increased blood pressure.

Blood can enter the urine when the walls of the urinary tract are damaged, usually due to urolithiasis. Another disease is cystitis. With inflammation of the bladder, the patient feels pain in the abdomen from below, a frequent urge to urinate, burning and pain in the urethra.

Sometimes pink urine appears for the most harmless reasons. For example, if a woman recently ate a beet dish (borscht or vinaigrette).

Brown, greenish-brown urine

Urine the color of beer or tea in pregnant women usually indicates problems with the liver or gall bladder. This can be viral hepatitis, cholecystitis. In pregnant women, the load on the liver increases significantly, as it is forced to remove metabolic products of the unborn child. Liver disease may cause other symptoms:

• yellowing of the skin and sclera,

How does urine change in the first trimester of pregnancy?

Throughout pregnancy, urine tends to change shades.
This happens due to constant changes in a woman’s body at this stage of her life. Urine during early pregnancy is of interest to most representatives of the fairer sex due to popular belief. It is believed that if the urine is dark in color, then you should expect a boy, if it is light, then a girl will be born. There is no scientific confirmation of this fact. Doctors consider this a myth and explain the change in urine color by physiological indicators:

• volume of liquid drunk;
• toxicosis, its consequence is dehydration;
• taking a course of folic acid prescribed by the gynecologist;
• frequent consumption of a certain food product.

During this wonderful time for a woman, you need to take care of your health doubly. After all, now you have to bear responsibility for two people. Therefore, if there are any visible changes in urine, you should immediately go to the doctor.

Yellow urine is considered normal. It can change its color due to food. For example, carrots affect the excreted fluid so that it becomes almost orange in color; beets can turn it burgundy-red. Medicines make urine dark or deep yellow. The functionality of the kidneys during this period also affects the shade. The metabolic process can change color by slowing down or, conversely, speeding up.

What does urine smell like in pregnant women?

The smell of urine during pregnancy carries certain information that can “speak” about pathology. A change in the smell of urine occurs with enzymatic disorders, as well as with the development of an infectious process. These are the two main groups of reasons leading to this condition.

So, the reasons why the smell of urine during pregnancy becomes different from normal are as follows:

- early toxicosis; - vomiting caused by various pathological processes (against the background of infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, etc.); — infectious damage to the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis, advanced pyelonephritis); — fistula between the organs of the urinary system and pelvic abscesses; - glutaric acidemia (hereditary disease of the enzyme system); — isovaleric acidemia (hereditary disease of the enzyme system); - phenyletonuria (a hereditary disease characterized by a disruption of the normal biochemical transformation of the amino acid phenylalanine); - maple syrup disease (hereditary enzyme disease); - primary methionine malabsorption (impaired absorption of the amino acid methionine); - fish syndrome (hereditary enzyme disease, which manifests itself as trimethylaminouria), etc.

Early toxicosis as the main cause of changes in urine odor

However, the most common cause of changes in urine odor during pregnancy is early moderate to severe toxicosis, which is accompanied by severe vomiting, weight loss and dehydration. This creates favorable conditions for the pathological course of biochemical reactions in the body, therefore, a significant accumulation of acetaldehyde occurs in the blood and urine, causing the smell of acetone in urine.

Lack of treatment can lead to serious complications that can threaten the life of the woman herself, as well as the normal development of the ovum (fetus). Early toxicosis usually occurs before 12 weeks of pregnancy and is associated with significant hormonal changes occurring at this time. Before 12 weeks of pregnancy, the list of drugs approved for use is sharply limited. Therefore, the basic principles of treating early toxicosis include:

— use of infusion therapy for detoxification and combating dehydration; - use of metoclopramide for antiemetic purposes; - the use of antiallergic drugs that reduce the body’s sensitization to fetal antigens; - the use of vitamin preparations that normalize metabolism.

What does unpleasant urine smell mean during pregnancy?

In our age of modern medical technology and all kinds of biochemical tests, it may seem surprising that once upon a time, healers not only sniffed urine, but also tasted it. Based on color, smell and taste, they made diagnoses and began to treat the patient. Based on this experience, you yourself, at home, can catch the smell of urine during pregnancy by simply sniffing it. What can he talk about?

If fresh urine does not have any unpleasant odor, then there is no reason for an unscheduled urine test.

The ammonia smell in urine appears due to its fermentation. This smell may appear if urine has been left in a warm place for several hours. But if fresh urine smells of ammonia, then this may indicate bladder disease.

The smell of urine during pregnancy, reminiscent of rotten fish, indicates such a hereditary disease as fish syndrome.

As we said earlier, urine begins to release acetone in early toxicosis. But in late pregnancy, this may mean the development of diabetes.

Diseases such as cystitis and pyelonephritis cause urine to smell like feces.

The smell of urine during pregnancy, giving off foulbrood, indicates gangrenous processes in the urinary tract.

Excessive consumption of hot spices (for example, garlic, horseradish, wasabi) gives urine an unpleasant, foul odor during pregnancy.

Also, the smell of urine in pregnant women can be affected by various rare genetic diseases or medications.

Of course, such home diagnostics are not 100% accurate, but they create or eliminate a reason to see a doctor for an additional urine test during pregnancy. Especially for My LYALYA

Why does a woman have dark yellow urine during pregnancy?

Urine, as one of the types of biological fluids, serves as an indicator of the normal functioning of the body. A change in its indicators may indicate violations of the excretory ability of the kidneys, urinary tract, metabolic pathologies, gastrointestinal tract, and hematopoietic system.

Urine indicators are of great importance when carrying a child, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. Urine analysis is an informative, non-traumatic, no contraindications, simple and inexpensive diagnostic method, including for monitoring pregnancy and child health in various terms.

Detection of dark urine during pregnancy serves as a signal to immediately consult a doctor to determine the possible causes of its appearance and take the necessary measures.

The yellow color of urine is determined by the content of a special pigment, urochrome, which is a compound of urobilin with urine proteins. Urobilin is formed in the intestines from bilirubin.

A woman can visually determine changes in urine color on her own without laboratory analysis. To do this, you need to know what shade it should be for normal functioning of the body.

Urine should normally have a yellow color ranging from light straw to medium intensity. This shade may vary throughout the day, as it depends on the volume and concentration of fluid in the bladder. After a night's sleep, the color of urine is darker than at other times of the day, since it is more concentrated and contains a larger amount of pigment (urochrome).

The color of urine during pregnancy should not normally change, much less acquire a dark shade.

In addition to color, urine analysis determines the following indicators and metabolic products (normal values ​​in brackets):

1. Transparency (transparent).
2. Density (1.01-1.022 g/l).
3. Acidity (pH 4-7).
4. Protein (absent or traces up to 0.033 g/l).
5. Glucose (absent or up to 0.8 g/l).
6. Bilirubin, ketone bodies (absent).
7. Red blood cells, white blood cells (absent or single in the field of view: for women, red blood cells up to 3, white blood cells up to 6).
8. Daily volume (1.5-2 liters) of liquid.
9. Cylinders, salts, bacteria, fungi (absent).

Changes in urine color during pregnancy

Unnatural coloration of urine during pregnancy may be temporary after consuming certain foods that can color it (carrots, beets, bay leaves, legumes, pumpkin, red grapes, red and purple berries, chocolate, food coloring) or medications (sulfonamides , amidopyrine, activated carbon, furagin, furadonin).

Pathological causes of changes in urine analysis, which can occur at different stages of pregnancy, are dangerous for the expectant mother and fetus. In such cases, urine may acquire dark brown, pink, brown, or red shades.

In the early stages

The reasons for deviations in the color of urine in the early stages of pregnancy (first weeks) may arise from:

1. Toxicosis. Due to frequent vomiting or diarrhea, dehydration of the body and darkening of the urine occur.
2. Consumption of vitamins and microelements (folic acid, vitamins B, C, iron).
3. Insufficient amount of fluid drunk.

In the later stages

In the late stages of gestation (third trimester), dark urine occurs when:

1. Diseases of the genitourinary system.
2. Pregnancy gestosis.
3. Pathologies of the gallbladder and liver, cholestasis of pregnant women.

When urine darkens in pregnant women, it is necessary to determine the cause of this symptom and carry out differential diagnosis. The mere fact of a change in the color of the discharge will not indicate a possible pathology. If the causes are pathological, then the pregnant woman will be bothered by accompanying symptoms and signs characteristic of a particular disease.

If darkening of urine in women is accompanied by the following symptoms, then this should serve as a signal for the pregnant woman to immediately consult a doctor:

1. Yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes.
2. Skin itching.
3. Whitening of stool.
4. Urinary dysfunction (frequent, painful and profuse urination).
5. Fever and chills (the main signs of an inflammatory process in the body).
6. Vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdominal area.
7. Painful sensations in the right hypochondrium or in the lumbar area.
8. Visual changes in urine: sediment, blood clots, turbidity, flakes.
9. Swelling of the face or limbs.
10. Change in blood pressure.

Functional changes

Darkening of urine may have functional causes caused by the characteristics of the pregnant woman’s body, the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes or foods, or an imbalance of water balance.

These causes are not a consequence of diseases, are temporary and do not require therapeutic measures.

To completely exclude possible diseases, a repeat urine test is recommended after eliminating the above factors.

Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Since the concentration of urochrome pigment in urine depends on bilirubin, an increase in the latter may indicate diseases of organs that are involved in pigment metabolism:

1. Cholestasis in pregnancy. Usually occurs in the third semester and goes away on its own after childbirth.
2. Hepatitis.
3. Cirrhosis.
4. Cholelithiasis.

Disorders of bilirubin metabolism, in addition to darkening of urine, are accompanied by characteristic clinical and laboratory symptoms:

1. Jaundice (yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes).
2. Pain in the right hypochondrium.
3. Itchy skin.
4. Light cal.
5. The appearance of increased bilirubin levels in the blood.

Pyelonephritis

Darkening of urine is characteristic of kidney diseases, namely pyelonephritis. The pregnant woman also complains of other symptoms of the disease:

1. The appearance of white flakes and cloudy urine.
2. Frequent and painful urination.
3. Temperature increase.
4. General weakness and malaise.
5. Discomfort and pain in the lumbar region.

Hemolytic anemia

The release of hemoglobin into the urine from destroyed red blood cells, and the appearance of hemolytic anemia can be triggered by both external (action of toxins) and internal factors (autoimmune failures). In addition to changes in the normal color of urine, hemolytic anemia occurs with characteristic syndromes:

1. Dark (almost black) feces.
2. Fever.
3. Excessive sweating.
4. Increased size of the spleen and liver.
5. Yellowness of the skin.

Dehydration

Symptoms accompanying the appearance of dark urine due to dehydration during pregnancy:

1. General weakness and fatigue.
2. Fall in blood pressure.
3. Dizziness and loss of consciousness.
4. Increased heart rate and arrhythmia.
5. Decreased elasticity and dry skin.

Causes of dark urine during pregnancy

The nature of the change in the shade of urine can signal various pathological processes in the body:

1. A reddish, pink or crimson tint indicates the presence of blood cells in urine (hematuria) with pyelonephritis, renal hydronephrosis, cystitis, glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis, renal failure.
2. A shade of rich dark color occurs with hemolytic anemia due to the release of hemoglobin from destroyed blood cells (erythrocytes) into the urine.
3. Dark yellow urine is characteristic of an increase in urine concentration during dehydration associated with insufficient fluid intake or increased fluid excretion (early toxicosis) from the body.
4. Brown shade. Such urine indicates problems with the gallbladder and liver (hepatitis, cholelithiasis), in which bilirubin metabolism is disrupted.

To determine the reasons for the appearance of dark urine during pregnancy and clarify the diagnosis, the doctor needs to conduct additional clinical and laboratory tests:

1. Collecting anamnesis (presence of complaints, other symptoms of diseases, time of appearance of dark urine).
2. General blood and urine analysis.
3. Biochemical blood test with determination of bilirubin, creatinine, urea, electrolytes, antibodies to red blood cells.
4. Urine culture to identify bacteria.
5. Urine analysis according to Zimnitsky, according to Nechiporenko.
6. Ultrasound diagnostics of the abdominal organs and kidneys.

What color should urine be during pregnancy?

Interesting fact: if the color of a pregnant woman’s urine is not bright, light yellow, then most likely you are having a girl.

During pregnancy, a woman is forced to take a huge number of tests and undergo a lot of examinations. One of the most common tests that an expectant mother undergoes is a general urine test. Many pregnant women are interested in what exactly the doctor is trying to find in this analysis, and why they have to take it so often, so it’s worth looking into this issue.

It’s worth starting with a general urine test. The first characteristic that is assessed in the laboratory during a urine test is its color. During a normal pregnancy, the color of urine should be yellow. However, there may be some changes in various shades, which are not always a sign of pathology.

A change in the color of urine can be caused by certain foods eaten by a pregnant woman, such as beets, cherries, or blackberries, which color the urine in their own color. If a pregnant woman takes yellow vitamins, then her urine will probably be bright yellow. However, if the pregnant woman did not eat brightly colored foods, then it is worth thinking about what could have caused the color of the urine to change.

A pregnant woman’s genitourinary system has a double burden. The constantly enlarging uterus and growing fetus put strong pressure on the kidneys, making it difficult for them to work. In addition, during pregnancy, the kidneys have to remove not only the metabolic products of the expectant mother, but also her baby. A urine test is prescribed to a pregnant woman at absolutely every visit to the doctor. Such frequent carrying out of this analysis allows you to quickly detect many abnormalities in the course of pregnancy.

The color of urine depends on the amount of pigments it contains and should normally range from light yellow to deep yellow. In addition, the color of urine may vary depending on the specific gravity of the urine and the amount excreted. In this case, the pale color of urine indicates its low specific gravity, and the saturated color indicates high specific gravity.

Urine color pathologies can occur due to:

• Presence of bile pigments in the urine (gives a greenish-yellow or brown color)
• Presence of blood in the urine (reddish color)
• Presence of urobilin in urine (amber color)
• Taking various medications
• Drinking a small amount of liquid

It is very important that the urine is not cloudy. The urine of a healthy person should be transparent, yellow in color of varying intensity. The color of urine is determined by the presence in it of substances that are formed from blood pigments, such as urobilin, hematoporphyrin, urochromes, etc. The color of urine can vary depending on its daily volume, its relative density, the presence in it of coloring components that enter the body with the intake food, taking various medications and vitamins.

For example, red urine can become due to amidopyrine, pink - due to carrots, beets or acetylsalicylic acid, greenish-blue - due to methylene blue, brown - due to bear ears, activated carbon, sulfonamides, greenish-yellow - due to Alexandria leaf, rhubarb, rich yellow – due to furagin, riboflavin, 5-NOK.

Normally, the intensity of the yellow color of urine indicates its density; the more intense the color, the higher the density. Concentrated urine has the brightest color. At the same time, one cannot judge whether a person is healthy or not just by the color of urine.

Changes in the color of urine in various diseases can be one of the most important diagnostic signs.

Urine may become dark yellow in case of heart failure (edema, kidney congestion, diarrhea and vomiting), pale - in the presence of diabetes mellitus, greenish-yellow - in case of drug-induced jaundice, green-brown - in case of parenchymal jaundice, red - in case of renal infarction, renal colic. (there is blood or hemoglobin in the urine), meat-colored - with nephritis (acute inflammatory process in the kidneys), dark (black) - with melanoma, acute hemolytic anemia.

If, while the color of urine remains unchanged, the color of its sediment changes, this may indicate that there is a lot of pus, mucus, salts, and red blood cells in it. If the urine contains a lot of urates, then its sediment will be red-brown, phosphates will be whitish, and uric acid will be yellow.

The influence of urine color on the gender of the child

The color of urine during pregnancy is not only a diagnostic criterion for health.

Since ancient times, women have been interested in who will be born. Now, starting from 16-18 weeks, it is possible to determine the gender of the child using ultrasound.

Previously, we relied only on signs:

• belly shape;
• changes in the appearance of the expectant mother;
• taste preferences in food;
• change in the character of the pregnant woman.

They also tried to determine the sex of the child by the color of urine . If it is bright yellow, then the woman is carrying a boy under her heart. If the urine is light in color, the mother will give birth to a girl.

Such information is based only on observational experience; it does not have scientific substantiation or confirmation, but it allows us to brighten up the time of tedious waiting for the day when it becomes reliably known who will be born to young parents.

The fact that urine color changes during pregnancy cannot be denied. And such changes do not always indicate problems with the child’s development or the health of the expectant mother. Urine can change color for various reasons, including physiological ones. However, in order not to miss the development of pathology, if you detect an unnatural shade of urine, consult a doctor.

Author: Violeta Kudryavtseva, doctor, especially for Mama66.ru

What to do if the color of your urine has changed

Under no circumstances should you self-diagnose without waiting for the analysis to be fully deciphered by a physician, much less engage in self-medication. When visiting a gynecologist, it is necessary to talk about all the factors that can affect the changed color. Perhaps the doctor will give a referral for additional advanced tests - according to Nechiporenko, Zimnitsky, daily and bacteriological. Remember, only a specialist can accurately determine the reasons for the deviation of urine color from the norm and prescribe treatment if necessary! Do not be afraid to take medications prescribed by doctors, as the risk of losing your child in some situations is quite high. Modern medicines are often of plant origin and will bring nothing but good.

If you still have doubts about the accuracy of the results, and the doctor did not take your assumptions into account, repeat the analysis in a couple of days in another laboratory.