An important element of proper growth and development is feeding newborns in the first days: suitable positions, diet and useful tips for young mothers

Proper feeding of a newborn in the first days of life is as important an element of growth and development as mother’s care and baby care. The ideal option is breastfeeding. If for various reasons it is not possible to breastfeed, high-quality infant formula will help out.

It is important for a young mother to know how to organize the nutrition of a tiny person. Study the material: you will find answers to many questions related to the organization of nutrition for the youngest children. The most important thing is to ensure maximum comfort for mom and baby.

How does lactation occur or why is there no milk?

We are uniquely created: the body of the expectant mother, long before giving birth, begins to tune in to breastfeeding (BF), because this is the same natural process as bearing a fetus, embedded in a woman at the DNA level.

Immediately after birth, the formation of lactation begins with the production of colostrum. Despite its small amount (about 30 ml), it is high in calories, rich in immune bodies and complete protein, so it is quite enough for a child in the first days of life. In addition, colostrum has a mild laxative effect, which facilitates the passage of original meconium stool.

Colostrum helps the newborn adapt to a new way of feeding; thanks to this period, he needs to expend less energy on sucking, which is not much at first, because both mother and baby rest after childbirth.

Also, within 2-3 days, the mother has the opportunity to learn the technique of putting the baby to the breast, and this is one of the most important secrets of successful lactation.

What to do if there is no lactation

What to feed a newborn baby if there is no milk? Often in medical practice there are cases when the mother does not have enough milk to adequately nourish the baby. Additional measures agreed with the doctor can correct the situation.

• Mom should drink at least 2 liters of water per day.
• You should apply crumbs in the first days of his life as often as possible.
• Do not replace breast milk with other liquids.
• Night latching is the main condition for good lactation.
• Proper nutrition for mom is also important.

10-15 minutes before feeding, mother should drink a glass of warm sweet tea with milk or dried fruit compote.

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About posture and application technique

Before you start breastfeeding your newborn, get into a comfortable position. Each woman has her own, the main thing is that it is comfortable for both you and the baby.

It is good to master 2-3 poses, for example, the “cradle” pose, when the baby is in the mother’s arms with his tummy facing her, lying on the elbow. It is important to learn to feed in the “lying down” position: on the arm, from under the arm, from the upper chest. Many women note that it is convenient to use a special nursing pillow, which reduces the strain on their arms.

Some comfortable positions and an example of proper nipple latching

Proper feeding involves proper nipple latching. It looks like this:

• the baby grasps the nipple with a wide open mouth along with the aureole, while the baby’s lower lip turns outward;
• the nose is pressed tightly to the chest, but it remains possible to breathe normally;
• during the sucking process there should be no smacking or other sounds other than swallowing;
• Feeding a newborn should be a pleasure, if you experience discomfort, then something is wrong.

How much food should a 1 year old child eat?

Today, mothers often ask pediatricians what to feed their 1-year-old child so that he gets all the necessary elements and his food is high-calorie enough?

The caloric content of food (including drinks and water) should be 1300 calories per day . In order for a child to receive so many calories, you need to follow some rules, because feeding him is not always easy. In order for the baby to eat the food offered by his mother well and with appetite, he should not be forced to eat and be entertained at the table. And also do not stretch out feeding for a long time. Meals should last 15–30 minutes. If the child is healthy but refuses to eat, it is better to postpone feeding until the baby is hungry. Over time, he will get used to the diet and will no longer refuse.

In order for a child who has reached the age of one to develop correctly, he needs (per 1 kg of body weight) 4 g of protein and 16 g of carbohydrates per day. Most fats and proteins should be of animal origin, such as lean meat, chicken, beef, chicken or beef liver. To feed a child, you need to add butter to dishes. At the same time, you must always remember that fresh oil, if it has not been heat-treated, must be given to the child very carefully so as not to cause stomach upset.

Third day - did you order milk?

When the third day approaches, the breasts become noticeably fuller—the so-called transitional milk arrives, which in a couple of weeks will change to full milk. Now an interesting process begins, which can be understood if we remember physiology.

About the influence of hormones on milk flow

The hormones prolactin and oxytocin are responsible for lactation. The latter is released directly during sucking, due to which a reflex contraction of the periductal cells occurs and milk begins to flow. The role of prolactin is different. During sucking, a signal is sent to the brain, more precisely to the pituitary gland, about an existing need for the future. In other words, under the influence of prolactin, the brain analyzes how much milk needs to be produced next time.

An important conclusion follows from this: during lactation formation, the baby should be put to the breast more often, even if it seems that it is “empty”.

From the outside, this may look like abuse of the baby; relatives may insist on the need to supplement feeding with formula. Do not panic. If the baby was born with normal weight, without pathologies, 3 days to adjust the flow of milk will not harm him, and this time, as a rule, is enough for the brain to give the command to increase lactation. We'll talk about when supplementary feeding should be introduced a little later.

How to feed newborns correctly

At the maternity hospital, staff will talk about the benefits of early breastfeeding and provide conditions for close contact between mother and baby immediately after birth. Now the children are in the same room with their mother, which allows them to feed the baby “on demand.”

If there is a lack of milk, do not despair, try to establish natural feeding. Drink enough fluids, try to calm down, put your baby to your breast more often. Even a minimal amount of milk will be beneficial. Supplement your newborn with formula, monitor behavior, weight, and stool quality. If there is no milk, switch to artificial formula.

Breast-feeding

The benefits of early breastfeeding have been proven by neonatologists and pediatricians, confirmed by satisfied mothers and well-fed, peacefully snoring babies. Close emotional contact is one of the advantages of natural feeding.

Breast milk benefits:

• baby (the child receives fully digestible food, develops well, and gets sick less often);
• mother (the uterus contracts more actively under the influence of the baby’s sucking movements, the body recovers more quickly after childbirth).

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First stage

In the first hours after childbirth, the mammary glands produce a valuable product - colostrum. The volume of useful substance is small, but the rich composition and high fat content satisfy the baby’s need for food. An important detail is that colostrum saturates the small body with biologically active substances and strengthens the immune system.

Most maternity hospitals practice early breastfeeding. An exciting moment for mother and baby entering an unfamiliar world. The warmth of the breast and the smell of milk calm the newborn and allow him to feel protected. The more colostrum a child can receive, the better for his immunity.

Homecoming

Many young mothers get lost and panic when they find themselves at home with a newborn. There is a caring dad nearby, a familiar environment, but there is still excitement. If a woman listened to the recommendations of the maternity hospital staff, there will be fewer difficulties with breastfeeding.

Features of feeding newborns with breast milk:

• The diet in the first week takes more into account the interests of the newborn. The mother will have to adapt to the baby’s needs;
• It is useful to observe when the baby is really hungry, to note the interval between feedings that the child can withstand. The optimal option is 3 hours, but in the first week, babies often cry loudly for milk after 1.5–2 hours;
• Pediatricians advise: feed your baby “on demand” when he greedily seeks the breast with his mouth. Gradually, the child will get stronger, will be able to drink more valuable liquid at a time, and will remain full longer. Active breastfeeding will increase lactation, the baby's nutritional needs and the mother's capabilities will gradually coincide;
• After a couple of weeks, accustom your baby to the diet. If in the first days you fed your baby every one and a half to two hours during the day and every 3-4 hours at night, gradually switch to feeding seven times a day. The regimen improves the functioning of the tiny intestines and gives the mother rest.

Suitable poses

Choose a specific position that suits you best. Remember: each feeding in the first weeks of a newborn’s life lasts a long time.

Please note that you are unlikely to be able to sit for half an hour or more beautifully, bending over the baby (as nursing mothers pose for photos in magazines), especially after a difficult birth. If it is uncomfortable or difficult for a mother to hold her baby, she is unlikely to have pleasant thoughts or tender feelings.

Try several poses, choose the optimal one, taking into account the condition of the breast, weight, and age of the baby. As the baby grows, an uncomfortable position may become suitable and vice versa.

Basic positions for feeding newborns:

• supine position. The baby leans against mommy with her arms, legs, and head. A woman's shoulders and head are raised with a pillow. The position is suitable for copious milk production;
• lying on your side. This convenient option is chosen by many mothers, especially for evening and night feedings. Be sure to alternate lying on each side so that both breasts are emptied;
• classic sitting position for feeding. Mom holds the child in her arms. Pillows under the back, on the knees and under the elbow will help reduce arm fatigue and “reduce” the baby’s weight;
• hanging pose. Recommended for poor milk flow. The newborn lies on his back, the mother feeds him from above, leaning over the baby. Not very comfortable for the back, but effective for emptying the chest;
• posture after caesarean section, when nursing twins. The woman sits, the baby lies so that the legs are behind the mother’s back, the head looks out from under the mother’s hand. This pose relieves the manifestations of lactostasis - stagnation of breast milk, accompanied by soreness and pronounced thickening of the lobules of the mammary gland.

Infant formula milk

Artificial feeding is a necessary measure, but in the absence of breast milk you will have to adapt. Properly organize the newborn’s nutrition and listen to the recommendations of pediatricians.

Features of feeding newborns with formula:

• Unlike breastfeeding, when the baby eats and falls asleep, the nutritional formula has a certain dosage. It is important to know how much breast milk substitute to give to an “artificial” baby per day;
• From the first days, feed the baby 7 times, every 3 hours. Later, you can switch to six meals a day with an interval of 3.5 hours;
• choose a high-quality mixture that provides satiety and maximum nutrients. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to feed the baby on demand: the formula cannot be given “whenever you want”, it is important to maintain a certain interval;
• occasionally it is allowed to shift the time of the next intake of the beneficial mixture, but not by much. Violation of the rules causes stomach/intestinal problems in the baby;
• choose infant formula from well-known manufacturers, without palm oil, sugar, or maltodextrin. As a last resort, there should be a minimum amount of components that support a feeling of fullness;
• If there is little breast milk, you have to constantly feed the baby. First offer the breast, then baby food in a spoon. Avoid bottles: it’s easier to get milk from the nipple; after a while, the baby will probably refuse the breast;
• Be sure to give your “artificial” newborn boiled water. The volume of fluid depends on age;
• artificial feeding will help produce healthy twins or triplets. The mother does not have enough milk for two/three children; she has to give a nutritional formula. As babies grow, breast milk is replaced with formula milk.

Feeding regimen

How often to feed a newborn? There are two styles of breastfeeding:

1. On demand. Its essence is that as soon as the little one begins to cry, declaring his feeling of hunger, the mother “hurries to the rescue.”
2. By the hour. In this case, wait 3 hours from one feeding to the next, accustoming the child to the regimen.

It must be admitted that the eating process is often influenced by the character of the toddler, because not every mother can withstand half an hour of screaming, and it’s not worth annoying the baby to such an extent. The same can be said about the duration of one feeding: it can last up to 30-40 minutes, it seems that the newborn is “hanging” on the chest, but for the first meals this is absolutely normal.

Feeding on demand seems to make the most sense in the first two to three weeks as both parties adjust to each other. Next - how it goes. But after how many hours? The free feeding style is popular, in which the baby is fed on demand, but not earlier than 2 hours after the last meal.

Where to start feeding

It’s better to start with vegetables , such as zucchini, cauliflower, and broccoli. Any vegetable is thoroughly washed and boiled (in a double boiler or in a regular saucepan). Then it is ground with a blender.

On the first day - half a teaspoon. Then the dose is increased by 2 times every day and brought to normal.

If there are no adverse reactions to the new product, after 4 days you can try another vegetable, and then prepare a puree from the previously proposed products. After 10 days, one meal of dairy food should be completely replaced.

For the 7th month you can offer porridge. This should be done at the very last dose - before bedtime. To begin with, the baby should be introduced to buckwheat, rice and oatmeal, then gradually expand the diet.

Use special baby cereals intended for 7 months of age. Giving semolina porridge at this age is not recommended due to the presence of gluten.

At the 8th month, two feedings are already replaced. Now you can introduce your child to fermented milk products - kefir. On the 4th day, offer low-fat cottage cheese.

Fruits are introduced into complementary foods when the baby's first tooth appears. The first is an apple. It is not recommended to completely replace feeding with fruits. They are given in addition to the main diet.

Meat is introduced at 9 months of age , and fish at 10 months. You can add half an yolk and vegetable oil to your diet. From the age of 10 months, soup is prepared in meat and fish broth, to which bread crumb is added. The introduction of vegetable oil and cookies is allowed.

By the age of one year, all 5 feedings should be completely replaced. Although some mothers still put their baby to the breast at night.

Water must be included in the diet. Its temperature should correspond to the baby's body temperature.

Do I need to pump?

If you choose the on-demand option, there is no need to pump - the baby will empty everything to the last drop. However, there are situations in which you need to help get rid of milk:

A breast pump makes expressing easier

1. If for various reasons the mother is separated from the baby in the first weeks of life (the premature baby is placed in a hospital), but there is a desire to preserve breastfeeding.
2. If the baby has eaten and you feel that your breast milk supply has not been depleted.
3. If the mother leaves the child with one of the relatives, and she goes to work or study, but at the same time wants to continue breastfeeding. In this case, the “food product” is stored frozen in a clean container. Do not worry about freezing and defrosting - it does not affect the composition and taste of the milk.

Until what age should I continue breastfeeding? It is believed that the first six months of life a baby especially needs breast milk. Further developments depend on the wishes of the mother and the needs of the family. Some feed for up to a year, others for up to a year and a half or more.

A few words about hygiene

Before you start feeding, you need to wash your hands with soap. There is no need to wash your bust every time; it is enough to take a hygienic shower without soap once a day.

A special bra is a necessary thing for a nursing mother

It is recommended to buy a special bra that does not compress the breasts. These models have unfastened cups for more comfortable latching of the baby. Keep in mind that clothing in general should provide quick access to the “dairy kitchen”. For example, on a walk, a mother may not be able to feed her baby in every dress.

What is orthorexia and how to feed your child correctly?

According to sociologists, today every second Russian parent strives to instill healthy eating habits in their child. But does everyone know the limit in this? Irina Romanova shared personal observations .

Orthorexia, a painful desire to eat healthy, was first described in 1997 by the American doctor Stephen Bratman. Developing his own nutrition system, he first began to eat only organic foods, then exclusively fresh vegetables, and then began to chew each piece of food 50 times. Many of the doctor's acquaintances were equally thoughtful about nutrition, which gave Bratman the right to classify orthorexia as a nervous disorder similar to bulimia and anorexia. Now, according to statistics, 6–7% of the world’s population suffers from orthorexia. And 50% of those who have children believe that their main parenting task is to instill healthy eating habits in their children.

As a mother of two little girls, I also think that children should eat right. But what food is considered healthy? There is no clarity on this issue. For almost the entire 20th century, it was customary to feed children “to their full.” The reference book for parents of those times was the book “The Child and His Care” by Dr. Benjamin Spock, who recommended giving babies porridge and eggs for breakfast, meat and potatoes for lunch, noodle soup and vegetables for dinner, and also making sure that the child I drank a liter of milk a day. Even my grandmother, who didn’t read Spock, shoved a plate of dumplings into my brother and me, after which my three-year-old brother, not knowing what to do with his strength, went to spin the wheel of a foot-operated sewing machine. Since the 80s of the last century, the world has become fascinated with fast food: chips, pizza, cola, hamburgers. In the late 90s, when I met my future husband, he brought me corn flakes covered in milk to my bed in the morning, calling them “parrot food.” He prepared the same breakfast for his three children, saying: “Let them get used to the food of the world’s megacities.”

However, by the mid-2000s, both of these approaches to child nutrition had discredited themselves - according to sociologists, it turned out that in the West, 40% of children are overweight, in Russia - 30%. Just at this time, my own children were born, and I began to feed my family in a new way: I cooked light soups with chicken broth for my daughters, whipped egg white omelettes with herbs, baked veal and steamed cauliflower, carrots and beets. I used only sea salt, only brown sugar. Communicating with other mothers, I found out that all of them, like me, are passionate about healthy eating. Today, in intelligent Moscow families, it is not customary to feed children semi-finished products or stock the refrigerator with products with a long shelf life; everyone turns to homemade cutlets, and vegetables and fruits are eaten according to the season: peaches in summer, pumpkin in winter. In a store on New Year's Eve, a woman with a child tortured a saleswoman, demanding to find red caviar without preservatives (in winter, there is no caviar without preservatives in principle). I myself began to read the labels and found antioxidants in ham, color fixatives in red fish, modified starch in yoghurts, and an anti-caking component in salt. Having lost my head from all this, I started my own garden and spent all my days weeding, watering, hilling...

And everything would be fine, but soon I noticed that our table at home had become poorer: we stopped eating all our once favorite dishes - fried chicken with potatoes, for example. And, as it turned out, it was completely in vain! Doctors from the British Institute of Medical Resource Council National Survey of Health and Development studied the diet of 4,600 children aged 5 to 15 years, and then compared the data obtained with archival data on the children's diet of the 50s. And they came to the conclusion: half a century ago, children ate healthier. They ate more dairy products and cereals, which supplied the body with calcium and fiber. Instead of juices, they drank water, getting less sugar. Finally, they ate more red meat, a source of iron and essential amino acids. They received vitamin C more often from vegetables than from fruits.

And I realized that we need to take a much simpler approach to children’s nutrition! This summer, in honor of our eldest daughter’s 7th birthday, we organized a sailing regatta in Konakovo. A fire, a pot, potatoes, stew - everything else turned out to be unnecessary. And the mothers liked it, and how happy the children were! Finally, the adults left them behind with their leek puree and let them do the real thing - make a pirate raid on the neighboring bay!

How to switch to mixed feeding?

With mixed feeding, the baby receives both milk and artificial formula. This process in medicine is called supplementary feeding and it occurs for various reasons:

• a nursing woman needs to go to work;
• there is a need to take medications that are contraindicated for breastfeeding;
• lack of milk;
• underweight in a newborn.

A competent transition to a mixed diet involves calculating the missing amount of food, which a pediatrician will help you do in a children's clinic. In addition, it must be appropriate, that is, you fall into the situations described above, and the doctor recommends that you supplement your baby's feeding.

You can read the article on our website about how to choose a formula for a newborn and not get lost in their assortment.

It is worth mentioning the fact that when mixed food is given to a baby from a bottle, a small problem arises: the baby very quickly understands that sucking from a bottle is much easier than getting milk through hard work, so there may be whims around the boob that need to be overcome. For this reason, you need to remember the basic rules:

• first, the newborn is applied to the breast, and only after it is empty, the intended portion of the mixture is given;
• It is better to feed from a spoon, but if this is not possible, the hole in the bottle nipple should not be too wide, it is advisable to have a nipple with an anti-colic valve.

Bottle feeding sometimes creates difficulties for further breastfeeding

Start of complementary feeding

Learn to distinguish between “complementary feeding” and “supplementary feeding”. In the first situation, the baby receives additional food to prepare for adult life and food. In the second, in case of lack of milk, it is supplemented with formula.

Complementary foods are introduced at the age of 6 months - with breastfeeding and at 5 - with artificial nutrition. Until this time, nothing other than mother's milk, formula and water can be given.

Start gradually and with caution. For the first time, you need to give half a teaspoon of complementary foods, and then supplement with milk or formula. A “test” is possible before the second feeding, at 9-11 am.

Assess the child's reaction to a new product. If there is no rash, irritation, anxiety, constipation (diarrhea), then the next day you can give 2 times more.

Under no circumstances should you introduce an unfamiliar product during illness or after vaccination. If any reaction occurs, the start of complementary feeding is delayed for 1-2 weeks.

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About night feeding

The benefits of breastfeeding at night, especially in the morning, have long been proven, so there is no need to give up night vigils. Another thing is how often this happens. It happens that the baby confuses day with night and the whole family takes turns running around with him.

Late bathing and feeding at night a little later than usual will help solve this problem: our goal is for the little one to get tired and hungry. Cool, fresh air also promotes good sleep. Ideally, feed once at night, gradually, closer to a year, refusing such midnight meals.

Principles of feeding a one-year-old child

The baby's food every day should be healthy and varied. The diet should include all the necessary substances for the growth and development of the baby. When preparing dishes, you need to take into account the physiological characteristics of the child’s digestive system, since he cannot chew food until he is 1.5–2 years old. During this period, to feed her child, the mother must grind food through a strainer or grind it using a blender . Stewed vegetables should be given in chopped form, meat should be ground. Porridges should be kept rare.

Dishes for feeding babies should be made of special food-grade plastic . The main advantage of such dishes is their low thermal conductivity, so they do not heat up and the baby will not get burned. And also, such dishes do not break and do not make a crash when falling, which can frighten the baby.

It is very important to follow the diet of a one-year-old baby: 4–5 times a day . At the same time, you need to feed your baby at the same time. If you follow this rule, your appetite will be much better, and your digestive system will have time to prepare for food processing. If the regime is not followed, then the baby does not develop a reflex that promotes the secretion of gastric juice and food processing enzymes. A baby accustomed to the routine will not be capricious before eating.

Before feeding, you should not feed your baby cookies, buns and fruit. This will kill his appetite. He will begin to refuse food, which can lead to various pathologies.

It is better to breastfeed your child in the morning and before bedtime. In the intervals before feeding, you should not give him sweet tea or juice, so as not to spoil his appetite. The baby's food needs to be prepared with a minimum amount of sugar , since children quickly become accustomed to sweets and it becomes difficult, and sometimes impossible, to feed the baby a normal, healthy and substantial dish.

For children under three years of age, it is better not to salt their food and under no circumstances add spices to it . Onions or garlic can be added. However, do not forget that new products are introduced gradually and in the first half of the day, since the baby may develop allergies or diarrhea.

A one-year-old baby needs to prepare food for one meal at a time. And you need to do this every day. After feeding, all leftover food should be thrown away. You should not leave them for the next feeding and then warm them up, since the baby’s digestive system is not yet fully formed and cannot digest food that is not fresh.

Problems associated with GW and ways to solve them

The child does not fall asleep after feeding

Often babies fall asleep right at the breast, but there are exceptions. What to do if the baby does not sleep after feeding? Perhaps your baby has simply grown up and begun to sleep less. But sometimes he waits for additional assurances of love and affection: carry him in your arms, sing a lullaby, if the crib or stroller has a rocking mechanism, use it.

Belching is something you should definitely wait for before going to bed. If a newborn has swallowed air, it will be uncomfortable for him to sleep, as gas bubbles put pressure on the walls of the stomach. Hold the baby vertically, as people say, “in a column,” until the belching makes itself felt, and then put the baby to bed.

Baby crying at the chest

If you give your baby the breast, and he bursts into tears when he tries to suck, it means that something is bothering him. Below are the reasons why your baby cries during feeding:

We recommend reading: How often to latch on a newborn?

1. My tummy hurts. The legs tucked to the tummy will tell about this pain. To avoid this situation, the mother should stick to a diet and not eat foods that increase gas formation. The baby is given a massage with warm hands and given anti-colic medications based on simethicone.
2. The problem is ear pain. With otitis media, swallowing movements cause ear pain. If, in addition to crying, there is an increased temperature and when pressing on the tragus of the auricles, the crying intensifies, you should urgently see a doctor.
3. Headache. If there are neurological disorders, headache may be one of the symptoms. Get examined by a neurologist.
4. Trapping air, as mentioned earlier, brings discomfort. The problem can be solved simply - the baby is held upright for several minutes until he burps air.
5. The milk has changed taste. The taste of milk depends on the mother's eating habits. Your toddler may not like the fact that his usually sweet food has suddenly acquired a strong taste. Conclusion: watch your diet.
6. The oral mucosa is inflamed. Thrush, laryngitis, pharyngitis - with all these diseases it is painful for a child to swallow. Treatment begins as early as possible.

If the baby hiccups

What should you do when your baby starts having hiccups after feeding? Basically, the reasons for this phenomenon are physiological, and we have already discussed some of them:

• air trapped during food intake;
• binge eating;
• hypothermia;
• Due to the large flow of milk, the baby chokes on it.

All these reasons can be easily eliminated: do not overfeed the child, give the air a chance to escape, give him something to drink. And only in rare cases can hiccups indicate neurological problems.

These are just some tips regarding breastfeeding. This topic can be discussed endlessly, as it is in demand, because what mother would not want to give her precious child all the best, especially when it comes to breast milk.

Feeding a baby from a bottle

Bottle feeding a baby is different from breastfeeding. In the latter case, he himself determines the volume of milk and the duration of feeding. Due to this, milk production adapts to the baby's needs and changes as he grows.

There are different ways to feed a baby with breast milk if the mother is not around. This situation is justified due to the mother’s inability to put the baby to the breast (severe pain, urgent departure, etc.).

Then it is allowed to feed from a bottle with a nipple . Today, this method is in demand for artificial and mixed feeding or if the mother is not around.

The advantage of a pacifier is that it is the safest and most natural process for absorbing food.

However, sucking from a bottle and from the mother's breast have significant differences. In the first case, the baby puts in less effort. Therefore, after getting acquainted with the bottle, many infants refuse their mother’s breast.

An alternative is to choose a special pacifier.

• When tilting the bottle, no drops of milk should come out of the nipple.
• When pressing on a wide area of ​​the nipple, a trickle should appear.

Remember to take care of your bottle. It is necessary to regularly wash and rinse children's containers with boiling water.

Expressed breast milk can be frozen. This will preserve all the vitamins and beneficial microelements, and the newborn will not remain hungry if the mother is away on business. It is not recommended to mix milk after several pumpings. Frozen liquid can be stored for no more than 2 months.